Abstract: A strain that efficiently produces butyric acid and a method for producing butyric acid using the strain. Clostridium beijerinckii SIID27451-B11 strain (Accession No. NITE BP-02951), produces more butyric acid and less lactic acid and acetic acid in a culture solution after anaerobically culturing the strain at 37° C. for 72 hours, compared with Clostridium beijerinckii NBRC 109359T, which is a type strain of Clostridium beijerinckii.

Abstract: A method for producing a fermented liquid having an acidity of pH 3 to 4, including colloidal particles having a particle size not exceeding 50 nm and short-chain fatty acids. The method includes providing fermentation apparatus including a plurality set of temperature-controlled fermentation containers at each stage of the multi-stage fermentation process; using a soft water as a starter, a seed bacterial liquid comprising seven species of fermentation bacteria (International Accession No. NITE BP-02945 to NITE BP-02951) including spore-forming Clostridium bacteria, controlled under a low temperature condition, and three kinds of fermented media derived from natural materials, produced by individually fermenting respective first medium of dried soybeans, second medium of mixed medium of dried plants consisting Taiso, Kukoshi, and Ukon, and third material of honey material; and producing the fermented liquid by multi-stage fermentation process.

Abstract: An ink-jet ink comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent and a water-soluble dye, wherein the water-soluble dye is an anthrapyridone compound represented by Formula (1) or Formula (2):

Abstract: An ink-jet ink comprising water, a water-soluble organic solvent and a water-soluble dye, wherein the water-soluble dye is an anthrapyridone compound represented by Formula (1) or Formula (2): 1