Abstract: A multi-barrier filter comprising a halogenated resin capable of removing contaminants from a fluid, and at least one contaminant sorbent medium downstream of the halogenated resin capable of adsorbing or absorbing contaminants. The at least one contaminant sorbent medium is preferably “halogen-neutral” to maximize the antimicrobial effectiveness of the halogen in the fluid. The filter may comprise at least one “halogen-scavenger” barrier downstream of the halogen-neutral barrier. Because of the efficiency of the filter, a low-residual halogenated resin, such as, for example, low residual iodinated resin, may be used.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to filter media compositions, apparatuses and systems for removing contaminants from fluids, as well as methods of using the same. In certain aspects the filter media comprises one or more halogenated resins and one or more contaminant sorbent media. The filter media of the present disclosure may be self-contained in a single unit or certain components may be housed in separate units acting in parallel or in series.

Abstract: An amperometric bromine control system accurately maintains a desired concentration of bromine within a home spa or in other water features. The control system employs amperometric sensing to measure the bromine concentration in the spa water and uses this measurement to control the electrochemical production of bromine through the oxidation of aqueous bromide. The level of bromide in the spa water desirably is greater than 50 ppm in order to obtain a linear relationship between the current level sensed through the amperometic measurement and the concentration level of bromine in the water. In this manner, the control system can accurately measure the bromine concentration in the spa water and precisely maintain the bromine concentration within a desired range between about 2 ppm and 6 ppm.