Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system configured for generating a signal, and inducing, by a coupler, an electromagnetic wave that propagates along a physical transmission medium. The coupler can be configured to convert the signal into a plurality of wave modes that combine to form the electromagnetic wave having an electromagnetic field configuration that reduces leakage of the electromagnetic wave as the electromagnetic wave propagates along the physical transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system configured for generating a signal, and inducing, by a coupler, an electromagnetic wave that propagates along a physical transmission medium. The coupler can be configured to convert the signal into a plurality of wave modes that combine to form the electromagnetic wave having an electromagnetic field configuration that reduces leakage of the electromagnetic wave as the electromagnetic wave propagates along the physical transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system configured for generating a signal, and inducing, by a coupler, an electromagnetic wave that propagates along a physical transmission medium. The coupler can be configured to convert the signal into a plurality of wave modes that combine to form the electromagnetic wave having an electromagnetic field configuration that reduces leakage of the electromagnetic wave as the electromagnetic wave propagates along the physical transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system configured for generating a signal, and inducing, by a coupler, an electromagnetic wave that propagates along a physical transmission medium. The coupler can be configured to convert the signal into a plurality of wave modes that combine to form the electromagnetic wave having an electromagnetic field configuration that reduces leakage of the electromagnetic wave as the electromagnetic wave propagates along the physical transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Coherent electronic current is generated by generating and transmitting an electron bunch along a longitudinal axis. The electron bunch is then directed onto a target, wherein the target imparts a transverse spatial modulation to the electron bunch via diffraction contrast or phase contrast. The transverse spatial modulation of the electron bunch is then transferred to the longitudinal axis via an emittance exchange beamline, creating a periodically modulated distribution of coherent electronic current.

Abstract: Coherent electronic current is generated by generating and transmitting an electron bunch along a longitudinal axis. The electron bunch is then directed onto a target, wherein the target imparts a transverse spatial modulation to the electron bunch via diffraction contrast or phase contrast. The transverse spatial modulation of the electron bunch is then transferred to the longitudinal axis via an emittance exchange beamline, creating a periodically modulated distribution of coherent electronic current.

Abstract: The structure of materials can be characterized (e.g., via CD-SAXS) by generating a burst of electron bunches in a pulse train and accelerating the electron bunches to relativistic energies. Meanwhile, an optical cavity is filled with a laser pulse; and the electron bunches collide with the laser pulse in the optical cavity, permitting a single laser pulse to interact with the electron bunch train to generate x-rays via inverse Compton scattering. The generated x-rays are then directed to a sample, and the sample is imaged by measuring the scattering of the x-rays from the sample.