Abstract: The present invention relates to the diagnosis, the prevention and the treatment of demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), in particular disorders exhibiting altered levels of antibodies directed against ?1-3-galactose, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The diagnosis of MS and CIS still suffers from a lack of reliable biomarkers and there is cure for these diseases, except medication acting on the immune component of the overt disease, with the usual side effects of the immunosuppression or anti inflammation intended to relieve the associated symptoms. The inventors showed that there is a significant decrease in the levels of antibodies directed against ?1-3-galactose in individuals having a MS or a CIS.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for determining the relative abundance of total bacterial in a sample. Optionally, the method also includes determining whether the subject has a risk of bloodstream infection after chemotherapy, such as a chemotherapy used to prepare a subject for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure. The method includes determining the relative abundances of bacteria that are described herein as correlating with developing a bloodstream infection after chemotherapy, and determining the relative abundances of bacteria that are described herein as correlating with not developing a bloodstream infection after chemotherapy. Also provided is a composition including a mixture of isolated bacteria and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, where the bacteria correlate with not developing a bloodstream infection after chemotherapy.

Abstract: A method and kit to detect colon cancer in a human by detecting the presence or absence, or relative amount (abundance) of, certain bacteria in a sample, is provided.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for determining the relative abundance of total bacterial in a sample. Optionally, the method also includes determining whether the subject has a risk of bloodstream infection after chemotherapy, such as a chemotherapy used to prepare a subject for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure. The method includes determining the relative abundances of bacteria that are described herein as correlating with developing a bloodstream infection after chemotherapy, and determining the relative abundances of bacteria that are described herein as correlating with not developing a bloodstream infection after chemotherapy. Also provided is a composition including a mixture of isolated bacteria and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, where the bacteria correlate with not developing a bloodstream infection after chemotherapy.