Abstract: A device and a method for measuring viscosity that includes attaching molecular rotors to a solid surface, exposing the solid surface to a fluid having a viscosity to be measured, and taking optical measurements to determine viscosity. The solid surface is preferably quartz, polystyrene or silicate glass, such as a fiber optic probe or a glass cuvette. The molecular rotors are of the type that includes an electron-donor group and electron-acceptor group that are linked by a single bond so that the groups may rotate with respect to one another, and that exhibit a fluorescence emission when rotation is hindered.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds that are inducers of apoptosis activators of caspases and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. Also provided are methods of synthesis of the compounds and methods for treatment of diseases in which there is uncontrolled cell growth and spread of abnormal cells, such as cancers, by administering the compounds.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring viscosity that includes attaching molecular rotors to a solid surface, exposing the solid surface to a fluid having a viscosity to be measured, and taking optical measurements to determine viscosity. The solid surface is preferably quartz, polystyrene or silicate glass, such as a fiber optic probe or a glass cuvette. The molecular rotors are of the type that includes an electron-donor group and electron-acceptor group that are linked by a single bond so that the groups may rotate with respect to one another, and that exhibit a fluorescence emission when rotation is hindered.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring viscosity that includes attaching molecular rotors to a solid surface, exposing the solid surface to a fluid having a viscosity to be measured, and taking optical measurements to determine viscosity. The solid surface is preferably quartz, polystyrene or silicate glass, such as a fiber optic probe or a glass cuvette. The molecular rotors are of the type that includes an electron-donor group and electron-acceptor group that are linked by a single bond so that the groups may rotate with respect to one another, and that exhibit a fluorescence emission when rotation is hindered.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating subjects, including humans, with infection or virulence by pathogens. The method involves administering an agent in amounts effective to eradicate or reduce infections and/or an inflammatory response caused by pathogens. Methods for identifying compounds useful as anti-infectives that decrease the immune resistance, virulence, or growth of microbes are also provided. More particularly, there are provided methods for identifying compounds which increase accumulation or stability or activity, or alternatively decrease the degradation of HIF-1a protein.

Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed that have the following chemical structures, and prodrug esters and acid-addition salts thereof, that are useful as Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-? modulators, and thus are useful in the treatment of various diseases. wherein the R groups are defined as follows: if any R3-R5, R7, R8, R11-R13 is not hydrogen, R2 or R6 or R9 is not methyl, or R10 is not CH2, then R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a halogen, COOH, C1-C12 carboxylic acids, C1-C12 acyl halides, C1-C12 acyl residues, C1-C12 esters, C1-C12 secondary amides, (C1-C12)(C1-C12) tertiary amides, (C1-C12)(C1-C12) cyclic amides, (C1-C12) amines, C1-C12 alcohols, (C1-C12)(C1-C12) ethers, C1-C12 alkyls, C1-C12 substituted alkyls, C2-C12 alkenyls, C2-C12 substituted alkenyls, and C5-C12 aryls.

Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed that have the following chemical structures, and prodrug esters and acid-addition salts thereof, that are useful as Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-? modulators, and thus are useful in the treatment of various diseases. wherein the R groups are defined as follows: if any R3—R5, R7, R8, R11—R13 is not hydrogen, R2 or R6 or R9 is not methyl, or R10 is not CH2, then R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a halogen, COOH, C1-C12 carboxylic acids, C1-C12 acyl halides, C1-C12 acyl residues, C1-C12 esters, C1-C12 secondary amides, (C1-C12)(C1-C12) tertiary amides, (C1-C12)(C1-C12) cyclic amides, (C1-C12) amines, C1-C12 alcohols, (C1-C12)(C1-C12) ethers, C1-C12 alkyls, C1-C12 substituted alkyls, C2-C12 alkenyls, C2-C12 substituted alkenyls, and C5-C12 aryls.

Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed that have the chemical structure of Formula (II), and its prodrug esters and acid-addition salts, and that are useful as Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-? modulators, and thus are useful in the treatment of various listed diseases. wherein the R groups are defined as provided in the specification. These compounds are useful, for example, as anti-inflammatory analgesics, in treating immune disorders, as anti-cancer and anti-tumor agents, and in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, skin redness, and viral infection. Completely synthetic and semi-synthetic methods of making these compounds are disclosed, as are methods of using these synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds in the treatment of the above-listed disease states.