Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element comprising a substrate (1) equipped with a thin-film multilayer, the thin-film multilayer comprising a film (3) suited to being heated, this film having a sheet resistance of between 20 and 200 ?/square, the heating element also comprising two conductive collectors suited to being fed with electrical voltage, the film suited to being heated being a transparent electrically conductive oxide film and the film (3) suited to being heated not being machined and being electrically connected to the two conductive collectors, the film (3) suited to being heated having a thickness of between 50 nm and 300 nm. The invention allows a heating element, with a film suited to being heated that is simple to manufacture, to be easily installed in an electric vehicle or easily connected to the national grid.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a substrate coated on a first face with at least one transparent and electrically conductive thin layer based on at least one oxide, including depositing the at least one thin layer on the substrate and subjecting the at least one thin layer to a heat treatment in which the at least one layer is irradiated with aid of radiation having a wavelength between 500 and 2000 nm and focused on a zone of the at least one layer, at least one dimension of which does not exceed 10 cm. The radiation is delivered by at least one radiation device facing the at least one layer, a relative displacement being created between the radiation device and the substrate to treat the desired surface, the heat treatment being such that resistivity of the at least one layer is reduced during the treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating element comprising a substrate (1) equipped with a thin-film multilayer, the thin-film multilayer comprising a film (3) suited to being heated, this film having a sheet resistance of between 20 and 200 ?/square, the heating element also comprising two conductive collectors suited to being fed with electrical voltage, the film suited to being heated being a transparent electrically conductive oxide film and the film (3) suited to being heated not being machined and being electrically connected to the two conductive collectors, the film (3) suited to being heated having a thickness of between 50 nm and 300 nm. The invention allows a heating element, with a film suited to being heated that is simple to manufacture, to be easily installed in an electric vehicle or easily connected to the national grid.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell includes transparent glazing substrate, protecting a thin-film multilayer including a film having photovoltaic properties; and two films forming electrodes, one the bottom electrode film and the other the top electrode film, placed on either side of the photovoltaic film, the bottom electrode film being a TCO including a zinc oxide substituted by an element selected from Al, Ga, In, B, Ti, V, Y, Zr and Ge or any combination thereof. The cell includes, between the substrate and the bottom electrode film, a succession of at least two films of dielectric materials, including a first film of a material forming a barrier to the alkali metals coming from the glazing substrate, especially during a tempering or annealing operation; and a second film including aluminum nitride AlN, gallium nitride GaN or a mixture thereof, the second film being in contact with the bottom electrode film.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated glass substrate is described. The method includes depositing a TCO (thin conductive oxide) layer with a layer thickness of 100 nm to 1000 nm on a glass substrate, depositing an inert top coating, comprising Al2O3, SiO2, Si3N4, and/or mixtures thereof, with an average layer thickness of 0.5 nm to 5 nm on the TCO layer, and heating the glass substrate at 550° C. to 800° C. and then etching in an acid, with the inert top coating not removed before the etching.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a substrate coated on a first face with at least one transparent and electrically conductive thin layer based on at least one oxide, including depositing the at least one thin layer on the substrate and subjecting the at least one thin layer to a heat treatment in which the at least one layer is irradiated with aid of radiation having a wavelength between 500 and 2000 nm and focused on a zone of the at least one layer, at least one dimension of which does not exceed 10 cm. The radiation is delivered by at least one radiation device facing the at least one layer, a relative displacement being created between the radiation device and the substrate to treat the desired surface, the heat treatment being such that resistivity of the at least one layer is reduced during the treatment.

Abstract: A carrier substrate, includes a substrate especially having a glass function, transparent at least in the visible and near-infrared ranges and receiving a conducting electrode which is transparent at least in the visible and near-infrared ranges, this electrode carrier substrate being intended to constitute, in combination with functional elements, a solar cell. This carrier substrate is such that: the electrode includes a micromesh made of conducting material having submillimeter-sized openings; and this micromesh is in contact with an at least slightly conducting antireflection coating facing that one of the functional elements with which it is intended to be in contact. An aspect of the present invention also relates to the use of such a carrier substrate as constituent element of a solar cell and to a process for fabricating the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell having an absorbent photovoltaic material, especially one based on cadmium, said cell comprising a faceplate substrate, especially a transparent glass substrate, having, on a main surface, a transparent electrode coating consisting of a thin-film multilayer that includes at least one transparent conductive layer, especially one based on optionally doped zinc oxide, characterized in that the electrode comprises at least one smoothing layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell (1) having an absorbent photovoltaic material, especially a cadmium-based material, said cell comprising a front face substrate (10), especially a transparent glass substrate, having, on a main surface, a transparent electrode coating (100) consisting of a thin-film stack that includes at least one metallic functional layer (40), especially one based on silver, and at least two antireflection coatings (20, 60), said antireflection coatings each comprising at least one antireflection layer (24, 26; 66, 68), said functional layer (40) being placed between the two antireflection coatings (20, 60), characterized in that the antireflection coating (60) placed above the metallic functional layer (40) on the opposite side from the substrate comprises at least two antireflection layers (66, 68), the antireflection layer (68) furthest from the metallic functional layer (40) being more resistive than the antireflection layer (66) closest to the metallic functional layer (40)

Abstract: A transparent glass substrate, associated with a stack of thin layers forming an electrode, the stack comprising a barrier underlayer that is a barrier to alkalis, and an electroconductive layer, said electroconductive layer being coated with an overlayer for protection against oxidation, characterized in that the stack comprises a metallic blocking layer capable of being oxidized during a heat treatment.

Abstract: Method of fabricating a transparent electrode based on zinc oxide, possibly doped, characterized in that a layer based on zinc oxide is deposited on at least one of the faces of a substrate or on at least one layer in contact with one of the faces of said substrate, and in that this layer is subjected to a controlled oxidation so as to over-oxidize a portion of the surface of said layer to a fraction of its thickness.

Abstract: Method of fabricating a transparent electrode based on zinc oxide, characterized in that a layer based on zinc oxide is deposited on at least one of the faces of a substrate or on at least one layer in contact with one of the faces of said substrate, and in that this layer is subjected to a heat treatment so as to over-oxidize a portion of the surface of said layer to a fraction of its thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell (1) with absorbent photovoltaic material, notably cadmium based, said cell comprising a front face substrate (10), notably a transparent glass substrate, comprising, on a main surface, a transparent electrode coating (100) consisting of a stack of thin layers comprising at least one transparent conductive layer, notably zinc oxide based, possibly doped, characterized in that the electrode (100) comprises at least one smoothing layer (22).