Abstract: A process for reducing the pyritic sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting an aqueous slurry of water and pyrite-containing coal particles at elevated temperature with oxygen, the contacting of step 1 being such that without step 2 the aqueous slurry would have a pH of less than 5.5;(2) maintaining the aqueous slurry of step 1 at a pH of from about 5.5 to 12.0; and(3) recovering coal particles of reduced pyritic sulfur content.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting coal particles with(i) a silicate selected from the group consisting of alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metal silicates and mixtures thereof, and(ii) a promoter material capable of oxidizing or reducing equilibrium sulfur reaction products formed by the contacting to non-equilibrium reaction productsin an aqueous medium to reduce the sulfur content of coal; and(2) recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: In a catalytic cracking process wherein the cracking catalyst is poisoned and contaminated by metal present in the feedstock, an improved process for the removal of such metal poisons as nickel, iron and/or vanadium is employed which comprises contacting a regenerated and sulfided catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas in a defined temperature range of from about 525.degree. F. to about 725.degree. F. and washing at least a portion of the metal poisons from the catalyst. A preferred wash solution is a reductive wash medium comprising a saturated, aqueous solution of SO.sub.2. The vanadium and nickel metals may be recovered from the resultant used wash solution for possible metallurgical use. The washed catalyst may also be subjected to subsequent oxidative washes such as a hydrogen peroxide wash prior to its return to the catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: An improved catalytic cracking process wherein partial demetallization of a cracking catalyst is employed. The demetallization process involves contacting the catalyst with alternate reductive and oxidative aqueous washes. A preferred oxidative wash medium comprises an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. The vanadium and nickel metals may be recovered from used wash solutions for metallurgical use.

Abstract: A process for reducing the pyritic sulfur content of coal comprising:(1) contacting coal particles with an aqueous solution of iron complexing agent, and an oxidant; and;(2) recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting coal particles with an aqueous solution of compositions selected from the group comprising alkali metal and alkaline earth metal sulfites and bisulfites to reduce the sulfur content of the coal; and(2) recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting coal particles with a silicate selected from the group consisting of alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metal silicates and mixtures thereof in an aqueous medium to reduce the sulfur content of the coal; and(2) recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:(1) contacting coal particles with an aqueous solution of iron complexing agent, and an oxidant to preferentially oxidize at least a portion of the sulfur in the coal;(2) contacting the oxidized sulfur-containing coal with at least one hydrogen donor material capable of transferring hydrogen to the oxidized sulfur-containing coal under conditions such that hydrogen transfer occurs; and(3) recovering coal products of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A process for the removal of metal poisons such as nickel, iron and/or vanadium from a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst which includes the steps of contacting a regenerated sulfided catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas in a defined temperature range of from about 525.degree. F. to about 725.degree. F. and washing at least a portion of the metal poisons from the catalyst. A preferred wash solution is a reductive wash medium comprising a saturated, aqueous solution of SO.sub.2. The vanadium and nickel metals may be recovered from the resultant used wash solution for possible metallurgical use. The washed catalyst may also be subjected to subsequent oxidative washes such as a hydrogen peroxide wash prior to its return to the hydrocarbon conversion process.

Abstract: A process for the removal of metal poisons such as nickel, iron and/or vanadium from a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst which includes the steps of contacting the catalyst with both a reductive wash and a subsequent oxidative wash to remove at least a portion of the metal poisons from the catalyst. A preferred oxidative wash medium comprises an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. The vanadium and nickel metals may be recovered from the resultant used wash solutions for possible metallurgical use.

Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:1. contacting coal particles with an aqueous solution of iron complexing agent, and an oxidant to preferentially oxidize at least a portion of the sulfur in the coal;2. thermally treating the oxidized sulfur-containing coal at elevated temperature to reduce the sulfur content of the coal; and3. recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: The disclosure is of compounds of the formula: ##EQU1## WHEREIN R is aliphatic hydrocarbon, X is sulfur (S) or carbon (C) and n is an integer of 1 to 3. The compounds are useful as easily-storable, polyisocyanate generators, especially the essentially-chlorine free compounds.

Abstract: Cyclic nitrile carbonate group-containing chloroformate of the general formula: ##EQU1## is condensed with polyfunctional nucleophilic compound of the general formula:HT-Y TH].sub.x ,wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, T is O, S or NR', wherein R' is hydrogen or an essentially hydrocarbonaceous group, Y consists essentially of carbon and hydrogen, and x is 1 to 3, to yield hydrogen chloride as the elimination product and cyclic nitrile carbonate group-containing condensate of the general formula: ##EQU2## AS THE ADDITION PRODUCT. The addition product is useful as, inter alia, a precursor for a carbonate, urethane or thiocarbonate group-containing polyurethane, polyurea, or polythiourethane, these polymers being in turn useful in coating, molding, adhesive, and the like compositions.