Abstract: Processes and systems for deblending blended seismic data with attenuated source signatures and source ghost are described. Processes and systems compute blended upgoing pressure wavefield based on blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield recorded in a marine survey of a subterranean formation. Downgoing vertical velocity wavefield is computed based on near-field pressure wavefields generated by source elements of sources activated in the marine survey. Deblended wavefield is computed based on the blended upgoing pressure wavefield and the downgoing vertical velocity source wavefield. The deblended wavefield may be used to generate an image of the subterranean formation with the source signatures and source ghosts contained in the blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield.

Abstract: A proposed geometrical distribution for a first non-impulsive source and a second non-impulsive source of a source array can be received. A near-field-to-notional computation can be performed for the proposed geometrical distribution to yield a respective computed notional output of the first and second non-impulsive sources. Whether the computed notional output of the first non-impulsive source has a first amount of residue greater than a threshold amount of residue can be determined. Whether the computed notional output of the second non-impulsive source has a second amount of residue greater than the threshold amount of residue can be determined. An indication whether either of the first or second amounts of residue is less than or equal to the threshold amount of residue can be provided.

Abstract: Processes and systems for deblending blended seismic data with attenuated source signatures and free-surface effects are described. The blended seismic data may have been recorded in a marine survey in which multiple sources are activated in the body of water above a subterranean formation. Receivers record overlapping pressure and vertical velocity wavefield responses from the subterranean formation as corresponding blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield. Processes and systems compute an upgoing pressure wavefield and a downgoing vertical velocity wavefield based on the blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield. Deblended primary pressure wavefields are computed based on the upgoing pressure and downgoing vertical velocity. The deblended primary pressure wavefields may be used to generate images of the subterranean formation that are substantially free of source signatures and free-surface effects.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to processes and systems that generate enhanced-resolution seismic images by interpolating sparsely recorded seismic data. Structured dictionary learning is employed to train a set of basis vectors, called “atoms,” and corresponding sparse coefficients on patches of the recorded seismic data. The atoms are constrained to represent the geometric structure of reflection events in the recorded seismic data gather. Linear combinations of the atoms are used to compute interpolated patches over a finer receiver-coordinate grid. The interpolated patches replace the original patches in the recorded seismic data to obtain interpolated seismic data that can be used to generate an image of the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Determining a far field signature of a source array can include receiving data associated with a sea surface state and determining a coherent portion and an incoherent portion of a reflection coefficient of the sea surface based on the received data. A notional source signature of each source of the source array can be determined based on the coherent portion, the incoherent portion, and near field data associated with each of the sources, and the far field signature of the source array can be determined based on the notional source signatures of each of the sources. The notional source signature and the far field signature can be stored. A seismic image of a subsurface location can be generated based on the determined far field signature.

Abstract: Denoising seismic data can include extracting a first plurality of overlapping patches corresponding to a respective seismic data window selected from a plurality of seismic data windows, reshaping the first plurality of overlapping patches into patch vectors, and determining sparse approximations of the patch vectors based on a dictionary and a sparse coefficient vector. Denoising seismic data can also include reshaping the sparse approximations into a respective second plurality of overlapping patches, and constructing a denoised version of at least one of the plurality of seismic data windows using the respective second plurality overlapping patches.

Abstract: Processes and systems for deblending blended seismic data with attenuated source signatures and source ghost are described. Processes and systems compute blended upgoing pressure wavefield based on blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield recorded in a marine survey of a subterranean formation. Downgoing vertical velocity wavefield is computed based on near-field pressure wavefields generated by source elements of sources activated in the marine survey. Deblended wavefield is computed based on the blended upgoing pressure wavefield and the downgoing vertical velocity source wavefield. The deblended wavefield may be used to generate an image of the subterranean formation with the source signatures and source ghosts contained in the blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield.

Abstract: Processes and systems for deblending blended seismic data with attenuated source signatures and free-surface effects are described. The blended seismic data may have been recorded in a marine survey in which multiple sources are activated in the body of water above a subterranean formation. Receivers record overlapping pressure and vertical velocity wavefield responses from the subterranean formation as corresponding blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield. Processes and systems compute an upgoing pressure wavefield and a downgoing vertical velocity wavefield based on the blended pressure wavefield and blended vertical velocity wavefield. Deblended primary pressure wavefields are computed based on the upgoing pressure and downgoing vertical velocity. The deblended primary pressure wavefields may be used to generate images of the subterranean formation that are substantially free of source signatures and free-surface effects.

Abstract: Determining a far field signature of a source array can include receiving data associated with a sea surface state and determining a coherent portion and an incoherent portion of a reflection coefficient of the sea surface based on the received data. A notional source signature of each source of the source array can be determined based on the coherent portion, the incoherent portion, and near field data associated with each of the sources, and the far field signature of the source array can be determined based on the notional source signatures of each of the sources. The notional source signature and the far field signature can be stored.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to processes and systems that generate enhanced-resolution seismic images by interpolating sparsely recorded seismic data. Structured dictionary learning is employed to train a set of basis vectors, called “atoms,” and corresponding sparse coefficients on patches of the recorded seismic data. The atoms are constrained to represent the geometric structure of reflection events in the recorded seismic data gather. Linear combinations of the atoms are used to compute interpolated patches over a finer receiver-coordinate grid. The interpolated patches replace the original patches in the recorded seismic data to obtain interpolated seismic data that can be used to generate an image of the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Denoising seismic data can include extracting a first plurality of overlapping patches corresponding to a respective seismic data window selected from a plurality of seismic data windows, reshaping the first plurality of overlapping patches into patch vectors, and determining sparse approximations of the patch vectors based on a dictionary and a sparse coefficient vector. Denoising seismic data can also include reshaping the sparse approximations into a respective second plurality of overlapping patches, and constructing a denoised version of at least one of the plurality of seismic data windows using the respective second plurality overlapping patches.