Abstract: A catalytic synthesis reactor is described, said reactor comprising a catalytic bed with an annular cylindrical shape delimited by a gas inlet header and a gas outlet header, wherein at least one of said headers has a multiple-wall structure comprising an outer perforated plate having a load-bearing function, an expanded metal plate acting as a spacing element, and a thin micro-perforated plate facing the catalyst and having a catalyst's retaining function.

Abstract: An ammonia burner comprising an ammonia section for ammonia oxidation and a combined heat exchange section for heating a process stream, wherein said ammonia section and heat exchange section are coaxially arranged in a pressure vessel of the burner and the hot nitrogen oxides-containing effluent gas from the ammonia section is directed to a shell side of the heat exchange section so that said effluent gas transfers heat to the process stream.

Abstract: A multi-bed catalytic reactor, particularly for the synthesis of ammonia, wherein the beds have an annular shape, the first bed has L(1)*(V/V(1)) equal to or greater than 50 wherein L(1) is the slenderness ratio of the first bed which is calculated as the axial length over the radial width; V is the total volume of the beds of the reactor and V(1) is the volume of the first bed.

Abstract: A multi-bed ammonia converter comprising a plurality of catalytic beds for converting an input makeup gas into an ammonia-containing product gas comprising a recovery heat exchanger such as a steam superheater or a boiler which is integrated in the ammonia converter and can be partially accommodated in the cavity of an annular bed.

Abstract: A catalytic bed for a chemical reactor, said catalytic bed having an annular-cylindrical geometry and comprising at least one collector made with a gas-permeable cylindrical wall, containing at least a first catalyst and a second catalyst, wherein the second catalyst has a finer particle size than the first catalyst, and wherein the first catalyst forms a layer of catalyst adjacent to and in contact with said collector.

Abstract: A prilling bucket for prilling of a liquid, particularly for urea, comprising a rotating assembly, a vibrating assembly, a magnetostrictive actuator disposed to impart vibration to said vibrating assembly, wherein said magnetostrictive actuator is part of the rotating assembly and is firmly connected with said vibrating assembly and the bucket comprises a slip connector arranged to transfer electrical power to said actuator.

Abstract: Radial or axial-radial flow catalytic chemical reactor comprising a cylindrical shell and at least one catalytic bed and comprising a plurality of perforated tubes, said tubes having an open end communicating with an inlet of a gaseous flow of reagents in the reactor, said tubes being provided with a plurality of holes on their side surface, said tubes being arranged around the catalytic bed so as to form an outer wall which bounds the catalytic bed and which distributes the reagents inside said bed; each of said tubes being formed by means of longitudinal or helical butt welding of a perforated strip.

Abstract: Combined apparatus (1) for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, comprising an internal wall (3) which delimits two coaxial zones (4) inside the apparatus, operating respectively as reaction (4) and condensation (5) zones, and optionally also comprising a stripping zone and/or a scrubber integrated in the same apparatus.

Abstract: Axial reactor for exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions, comprising at least a first catalytic bed and a second catalytic bed operating in series and at least one heat exchanger between the two catalytic beds, wherein the first catalytic bed has a collector bottom having a box-like structure with flat and parallel walls, which are gas-permeable, and a plurality of parallel channels defined between the walls, wherein a first series of said channels collects the gaseous flow exiting the catalytic bed and passing through the first wall, said gaseous flow is directed towards the heat exchanger, and the flow exiting the exchanger is directed towards the second catalytic bed via a second series of said channels of the collector bottom.

Abstract: Shell-and-tube equipment includes baffles supporting the tubes, each baffle having seats for receiving the tubes shaped so as to receive one or more tubes in at least one free play condition and in a locking condition; each baffle is displaceable with respect to the tube bundle between an assembly position and a working position; in the assembly position the tubes can be received by the baffles in the free play condition while in the working position the tubes are locked.

Abstract: Axial reactor for exothermic or endothermic chemical reactions, comprising at least a first catalytic bed (3) and a second catalytic bed (4) operating in series and at least one heat exchanger (5) between the two catalytic beds, wherein the first catalytic bed has a collector bottom (6) having a box-like structure with flat and parallel walls, which are gas-permeable, and a plurality of parallel channels (15, 16) defined between the walls, wherein a first series of said channels collects the gaseous flow exiting the catalytic bed and passing through the first wall, said gaseous flow is directed towards the heat exchanger, and the flow exiting the exchanger is directed towards the second catalytic bed via a second series of said channels of the collector bottom.

Abstract: Granulator (1), in particular for urea, comprising an active system for removal of encrustations from at least one wall (4) with a surface (14) exposed to the granulation process, wherein said system operates by imparting a pulsed deformation to said wall.

Abstract: A catalytic bed for a chemical reactor, said catalytic bed having an annular-cylindrical geometry and comprising at least one collector made with a gas-permeable cylindrical wall, containing at least a first catalyst and a second catalyst, wherein the second catalyst has a finer particle size than the first catalyst, and wherein the first catalyst forms a layer of catalyst adjacent to and in contact with said collector.

Abstract: Tube-bundle heat exchange unit (1) for internals of heat exchangers or reactors, comprising: at least one tube bundle (2); a plurality of baffles (3) associated with said tube bundle and defining through-openings according to a predefined arrangement, each opening being passed through by one of more tubes of the tube bundle, and a shell (6) which surrounds said tube bundle and said baffles, wherein the assembly of the tube bundle and the shell can be disassembled and the shell is structurally collaborating with the tube bundle through said baffles.

Abstract: Axial-radial flow reactor comprising a catalytic bed (1) of a hollow cylindrical shape, having a vertical axis (2), a base (5), a radial gas inlet section (3b), an axial gas inlet section (6) and a radial gas outlet section (4b), wherein the catalytic bed (1) comprises: a first cylindrical annular region (10) containing a layer of a first catalyst (A) and a layer of a second catalyst (B), the layer of the first catalyst being above the layer of the second catalyst; a second cylindrical annular region (9) coaxial to the first annular region and containing only the first catalyst (A).

Abstract: Shell-and-tube apparatus comprising a plurality of baffles (5) which are arranged along the tube bundle, perpendicular to an axis of the tube bundle and passed through by the said tubes, wherein each baffle is an essentially flat body having openings (11) through which the tubes pass, and in the region of said openings (11) the baffle comprises tabs (12) which protrude from the surface of said baffle.

Abstract: Axial-radial flow reactor comprising a catalytic bed (1) of a hollow cylindrical shape, having a vertical axis (2), a base (5), a radial gas inlet section (3b), an axial gas inlet section (6) and a radial gas outlet section (4b), wherein the catalytic bed (1) comprises: a first cylindrical annular region (10) containing a layer of a first catalyst (A) and a layer of a second catalyst (B), the layer of the first catalyst being above the layer of the second catalyst; a second cylindrical annular region (9) coaxial to the first annular region and containing only the first catalyst (A).

Abstract: Process and respective reactor for urea or melamine synthesis, comprising sonication treatment of at least part of a reaction liquid mass or two-phase mixture contained inside said reactor.

Abstract: Vertical reactor (1) for chemical reactions, comprising a tube heat exchanger (6) immersed in a catalytic bed (5), wherein said tube exchanger (6) comprises a plurality of straight tube bundles (6.1, 6.2) with respective tube plates for feeding (9.1, 9.2) and collecting (10.1, 10.2) the heat exchange fluid, and wherein the tube bundles and the respective tube plates are vertically staggered so as to allow access to the shell side.

Abstract: Vertical reactor (1) for chemical reactions, comprising a tube heat exchanger (6) immersed in a catalytic bed (5), wherein said tube exchanger (6) comprises a plurality of straight tube bundles (6.1, 6.2) with respective tube plates for feeding (9.1, 9.2) and collecting (10.1, 10.2) the heat exchange fluid, and wherein the tube bundles and the respective tube plates are vertically staggered so as to allow access to the shell side.