Abstract: The subject invention discloses a method for the preparation of a dual structure cellular ceramic object where a dispersion of a ceramic precursor a chain-growth or step-growth polymer precursor and a solvent is heated to a first temperature at a first rate followed by heating to a second temperature at a second rate and holding the temperature to form a sintered dual structure cellular ceramic object which is then cooled at a third rate to room temperature. The dual structure cellular ceramic object has a dense surface layer over at least a portion of the object that abruptly yet smoothly and continuously transitioning into a porous ceramic.

Abstract: The subject invention discloses a method for the preparation of a dual structure cellular ceramic object where a dispersion of a ceramic precursor a chain-growth or step-growth polymer precursor and a solvent is heated to a first temperature at a first rate followed by heating to a second temperature at a second rate and holding the temperature to form a sintered dual structure cellular ceramic object which is then cooled at a third rate to room temperature. The dual structure cellular ceramic object has a dense surface layer over at least a portion of the object that abruptly yet smoothly and continuously transitioning into a porous ceramic.

Abstract: [Problems] A purpose of the invention is to provide highly porous 3D scaffolds made of biodegradable polymer such as poly-lactic acid, which can be preferably used for cell culture. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a method for seeding cells homogeneously inside the above mentioned 3D highly porous scaffolds. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a top-down processing method for obtaining planar porous 2D scaffolds starting the above mentioned highly porous scaffolds to be used as building blocks for thick tissue reconstruction. [Solution] Highly porous scaffolds made of biodegradable polymer such as poly-lactic acid can be fabricated by following steps: (i) biodegradable polymer is dissolved in dioxane at the defined concentration; (ii) a vessel containing the solution is mounted on a metal plate thermally driven by a cold finger to a defined temperature below 10° C.