Abstract: A salinity determining system for determining a salinity of water in a hydrocarbon emulsion of oil and water. The salinity determining system includes an antenna element in contact with the hydrocarbon emulsion and a switch coupled to the antenna element. The salinity determining system includes a first analyzer device configured to be coupled to the antenna element via the switch. The first analyzer device is associated with a first coincidence function based on first measured electrical parameters of transmitted radio-frequency (RF) energy. The salinity determining system also includes a second analyzer device configured to be coupled to the antenna element via the switch.

Abstract: A salinity determining system for determining a salinity of water in a hydrocarbon emulsion of oil and water. The salinity determining system comprises an antenna element in contact with the hydrocarbon emulsion and a switch coupled to the antenna element. The salinity determining system comprises a first analyzer device configured to be coupled to the antenna element via the switch. The first analyzer device is associated with a first coincidence function based on first measured electrical parameters of transmitted radio-frequency (RF) energy. The salinity determining system also comprises a second analyzer device configured to be coupled to the antenna element via the switch.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the on-site determination of water content in crude oil. The water content of crude oil is determined by mixing a sample of the crude oil with a fixed amount of molecular sieves. The electromagnetic characteristics of the molecular sieves upon mixing with the sample are then measured and used to determine the water content of the sample. This provides a simple approach to measuring the moisture content in crude oil that is extremely fast, accurate, and reproducible without the use of hazardous chemicals.