Abstract: Folded digital cameras comprising a lens system with a lens and an image sensor, the lens having N?6 lens elements Li, an effective focal length (EFL) and a total track length (TTL), wherein each lens element has a respective focal length fi and wherein a first lens element L1 faces an object side, and an optical path folding element (OPFE) for providing a folded optical path between an object and the lens. In some embodiments, the lens system has a focusing range that covers object-lens distances from infinity to a minimal object distance (MIOD), wherein MIOD/EFL is smaller than 20 or even 7. In some embodiments, the ratio of a maximal chief ray angle to a field of view of the folded camera Max CRA/FOV is smaller than 0.25 or even 0.15 when the camera is focused at infinity.

Abstract: A dual-aperture zoom digital camera operable in both still and video modes. The camera includes Wide and Tele imaging sections with respective lens/sensor combinations and image signal processors and a camera controller operatively coupled to the Wide and Tele imaging sections. The Wide and Tele imaging sections provide respective image data. The controller is configured to combine in still mode at least some of the Wide and Tele image data to provide a fused output image from a particular point of view, and to provide without fusion continuous zoom video mode output images, each output image having a given output resolution, wherein the video mode output images are provided with a smooth transition when switching between a lower zoom factor (ZF) value and a higher ZF value or vice versa, and wherein at the lower ZF the output resolution is determined by the Wide sensor while at the higher ZF value the output resolution is determined by the Tele sensor.

Abstract: Dual-aperture digital cameras with auto-focus (AF) and related methods for obtaining a focused and, optionally optically stabilized color image of an object or scene. A dual-aperture camera includes a first sub-camera having a first optics bloc and a color image sensor for providing a color image, a second sub-camera having a second optics bloc and a clear image sensor for providing a luminance image, the first and second sub-cameras having substantially the same field of view, an AF mechanism coupled mechanically at least to the first optics bloc, and a camera controller coupled to the AF mechanism and to the two image sensors and configured to control the AF mechanism, to calculate a scaling difference and a sharpness difference between the color and luminance images, the scaling and sharpness differences being due to the AF mechanism, and to process the color and luminance images into a fused color image using the calculated differences.

Abstract: Systems and methods for correcting point of view (POV) aberrations in scanning folded cameras and multi-cameras including such scanning folded cameras. In a Tele folded camera that includes an optical path folding element (OPFE) and an image sensor, the OPFE is tilted in one or two directions to direct the Tele folded camera towards a POV of a scene, a Tele image or a stream of Tele images is captured from the POV, the Tele image having POV aberrations and the POV aberrations are digitally corrected to obtain an aberration-corrected image or stream of images.

Abstract: Rotation mechanisms for rotating a payload in two, first and second degrees of freedom (DOF), comprising a static base, a first rotation arm coupled mechanically to the static base through a first rotation joint and used for rotating the payload relative to the static base around a first rotation axis that passes through the first rotation joint, a second rotation arm coupled mechanically to the static base through a second rotation joint and used for rotating the payload relative to the static base around a second rotation axis that passes through the second rotation joint, and a follower member rigidly coupled to the payload and arranged to keep a constant distance from the second rotation arm, wherein the rotation of the first arm rotates the payload around the first DOF and the rotation of the second arm rotate the payload around the second DOF.

Abstract: A dual-aperture zoom digital camera operable in both still and video modes. The camera includes Wide and Tele imaging sections with respective lens/sensor combinations and image signal processors and a camera controller operatively coupled to the Wide and Tele imaging sections. The Wide and Tele imaging sections provide respective image data. The controller is configured to output, in a zoom-in operation between a lower zoom factor (ZF) value and a higher ZF value, a zoom video output image that includes only Wide image data or only Tele image data, depending on whether a no-switching criterion is fulfilled or not.

Abstract: Voice coil motor (VCM) actuators for rotating an optical path folding element (OPFE) over an extended scanning range relative to a scanning/rotation range needed for optical image stabilization (OIS).

Abstract: Folded cameras and dual folded-upright cameras that reduce a mobile electronic device and specifically a smartphone bump footprint and height. In some examples, the bump footprint is reduced by reducing the height of a back focal plane section of the folded camera. In some examples, the bump footprint is reduced by reducing the height of a back focal plane section and a lens subsection of the folded camera.

Abstract: A dual-aperture zoom digital camera operable in both still and video modes. The camera includes Wide and Tele imaging sections with respective lens/sensor combinations and image signal processors and a camera controller operatively coupled to the Wide and Tele imaging sections. The Wide and Tele imaging sections provide respective image data. The controller is configured to combine in still mode at least some of the Wide and Tele image data to provide a fused output image from a particular point of view, and to provide without fusion continuous zoom video mode output images, each output image having a given output resolution, wherein the video mode output images are provided with a smooth transition when switching between a lower zoom factor (ZF) value and a higher ZF value or vice versa, and wherein at the lower ZF the output resolution is determined by the Wide sensor while at the higher ZF value the output resolution is determined by the Tele sensor.

Abstract: Dual-aperture digital cameras with auto-focus (AF) and related methods for obtaining a focused and, optionally optically stabilized color image of an object or scene. A dual-aperture camera includes a first sub-camera having a first optics bloc and a color image sensor for providing a color image, a second sub-camera having a second optics bloc and a clear image sensor for providing a luminance image, the first and second sub-cameras having substantially the same field of view, an AF mechanism coupled mechanically at least to the first optics bloc, and a camera controller coupled to the AF mechanism and to the two image sensors and configured to control the AF mechanism, to calculate a scaling difference and a sharpness difference between the color and luminance images, the scaling and sharpness differences being due to the AF mechanism, and to process the color and luminance images into a fused color image using the calculated differences.

Abstract: Folded digital cameras comprising a lens system with a lens and an image sensor, the lens having N?6 lens elements Li, an effective focal length (EFL) and a total track length (TTL), wherein each lens element has a respective focal length fi and wherein a first lens element L1 faces an object side, and an optical path folding element (OPFE) for providing a folded optical path between an object and the lens. In some embodiments, the lens system has a focusing range that covers object-lens distances from infinity to a minimal object distance (MIOD), wherein MIOD/EFL is smaller than 20 or even 7. In some embodiments, the ratio of a maximal chief ray angle to a field of view of the folded camera Max CRA/FOV is smaller than 0.25 or even 0.15 when the camera is focused at infinity.

Abstract: Systems comprising a folded camera that includes a lens module with a native aperture, the lens module having a height HM, an adaptive aperture located between the native aperture and an optical path folding element, and an adaptive aperture forming mechanism for forming the adaptive aperture, wherein the adaptive aperture forming mechanism has a height HAA not larger than HM, and methods of using same. In various embodiments, the adaptive aperture forming mechanism includes an actuator and at least one pair of blades operative to be moved by the actuator to a plurality of positions to form the adaptive aperture.

Abstract: Systems comprising a Wide/Ultra-Wide camera, a folded Tele camera comprising an optical path folding element and a Tele lens module, a lens actuator for moving the Tele lens module for focusing to object-lens distances between 3.0 cm and 35 cm with an object-to-image magnification between 1:5 and 25:1, and an application processor (AP), wherein the AP is configured to analyze image data from the UW camera to define a Tele capture strategy for a sequence of Macro images with a focus plane slightly shifted from one captured Macro image to another and to generate a new Macro image from this sequence, and wherein the focus plane and a depth of field of the new Macro image can be controlled continuously.

Abstract: A Tele folded camera operative to compensate for an undesired rotational motion of a handheld electronic device that includes such a camera, wherein the compensation depends on the undesired rotational motion and on a point of view of the Tele folded camera.

Abstract: A process for treating contaminated liquid, in which the liquid to be treated is contacted with a charged polymeric material and with a second, oppositely charged polymeric material. The polymeric materials are soluble in the liquid, and at least one of the soluble polymeric materials is a branched polymeric material. Floc formation is allowed and the flocs are separated from the liquid. The first and second polymeric materials may be selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and polyhydroxy alcohols.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for implementing real-time antialiasing, transparency and motion blur of animated images displayed on a video monitor. Each pixel of an image to be displayed is associated with three attributes--a foreground color, a background color and a transparency factor. These attributes are used by a system processor to generate an index into a table of mixed colors that is stored in system memory. The table associates each combination of foreground color, background color and transparency factor with a color that appears to be a mixture of the foreground color and background color attributes for a pixel, with the weight of the mixture being defined by the transparency factor.

Abstract: A non-soluble particulate coloring material comprises dry ground red microalgae-derived material as the base coloring matter.

Abstract: A method of growing microalgae is described, which uses the outdoor sunlight as a source of energy. Growth is confined to an assembly of vertical, transparent tubes through which nutrient and air is carried with carbon dioxide. The microalgae is periodically harvested from the tubes.