Abstract: Various embodiments include an encoder for a motor. The encoder may include: a sensor module for collecting sensor data of the motor with a sensor while the motor is running; a storage module storing motor running records; and a microcontroller unit. The microcontroller is programmed to determine a running state of the motor using the sensor data, storing information about the running state into the storage module as a motor running record in response to a determination that the running state is a predefined running state, and providing at least one of the motor running records stored in the storage module via a communication interface in response to a reading request received from the communication interface.