Abstract: Lighting systems combine UV-A and white light with an adjustable CCT value so that any adverse effects from the UV-A radiation are mitigated—that is, tunable adjustments to the output of the non-UV LEDs, or to all of the LEDs, result in an overall mixed output conforming to a target CCT value.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for applying EM energy to a load are provided. The apparatuses and methods may include at least one processor configured to receive information indicative of energy dissipated by the load for each of a plurality of modulation space elements. The processor may also be configured to associate each of the plurality of modulation space elements with a corresponding time duration of power application, based on the received information. The processor may be further configured to regulate energy applied to the load such that for each of the plurality of modulation space elements, power is applied to the load at the corresponding time duration of power application.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided for applying radio frequency (RF) energy from a source of electromagnetic energy to an object in an energy application zone. At least one processor may be configured to acquire information indicative of electromagnetic energy loss associated with at least a portion of the energy application zone. The processor may be further configured to determine a weight to be applied to each of a plurality of electromagnetic field patterns each having a known electromagnetic field intensity distribution and cause the source to supply each of the plurality of electromagnetic field patterns to the energy application zone at the determined weights.

Abstract: Method of irradiating a load placed in a cavity by radiating UHF or microwave radiation into the cavity. The method includes setting transmission durations, by setting for each of a plurality of frequencies, a respective transmission duration, repeatedly causing energy to be transmitted into the cavity at the plurality of frequencies according to a duty cycle, wherein the duty cycle defines an allotted transmission time for each of the plurality of frequencies, and switching ON or OFF transmission of the energy at certain frequencies, so that over a plurality of repetitions of the duty cycle the energy is transmitted at each of the plurality of frequencies for the respective transmission duration.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying electromagnetic energy to an object in an energy application zone via at least one radiating element is disclosed. The apparatus may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to determine a value indicative of energy absorbable by the object at each of a plurality of frequencies and to cause the at least one radiating element to apply energy to the zone in at least a subset of the plurality of frequencies. Energy applied to the zone at each of the subset of frequencies may be a function of the absorbable energy value at each frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating a load with UHF or microwave radiation includes a cavity for accepting a load, at least one energy feed for transmitting energy into the cavity at a plurality of UHF or microwave frequencies to irradiate the load, and a controller. The controller sets transmission durations, by setting for each of a plurality of frequencies, a respective transmission duration, repeatedly causes energy to be transmitted into the cavity at the plurality of UHF or microwave frequencies according to a duty cycle, and switches ON or OFF transmission of the energy at different frequencies in different repetitions of the duty cycle, which defines an allotted transmission time for each of the plurality of UHF or microwave frequencies. Over a plurality of repetitions of the duty cycle the energy is transmitted at each of the plurality of frequencies for the respective transmission duration.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying electromagnetic energy to an object in an energy application zone via at least one radiating element is disclosed. The apparatus may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to determine a value indicative of energy absorbable by the object at each of a plurality of frequencies and to cause the at least one radiating element to apply energy to the zone in at least a subset of the plurality of frequencies. Energy applied to the zone at each of the subset of frequencies may be a function of the absorbable energy value at each frequency.

Abstract: Approaches for updating a firmware file in a network having multiple transceiver nodes and being capable of receiving and transmitting the firmware file include dividing the firmware file into multiple of chunks, each chunk being able to be included in a single data packet transmitted between two of the transceiver nodes; transmitting each of the chunks from the first one of the transceiver nodes to the second one of the transceiver nodes; transmitting a request message from the first one of the transceiver nodes to the second one of the transceiver nodes, the request message including information associated with the chunks that have been transmitted in step (b); and transmitting a responding message from the second one of the transceiver nodes to the first one of the transceiver nodes, the responding message including information associated with one or more chunks that are included in the request message but not received by the second one of the transceiver nodes.

Abstract: To promote efficient and reliable communication of beacons among neighboring nodes in a wireless network, instead of having each node transmit beacons over its operational channel and switch to a different channel to receive its one-hop neighbors' beacons, nodes may transmit beacons over a different channel (i.e., different from the operational channel) and receive beacons over their operational channels. These outgoing “visitor beacons” may contain the usual beacon information but most importantly specify the operating channel of the transmitting node over which conventional beacons may be transmitted and received.

Abstract: Approaches for multicast routing a group packet that includes a payload and routing information (e.g., a target identifier vector and a target multicast group ID) in a network having multiple cells each comprising a parent node and one or more child nodes include establishing and storing one or more child-node multicast group map tables associated with the child node(s) for each cell; receiving a multicast group packet; determining whether to forward the multicast group packet to the child node(s) based at least in part on the child-node multicast group map table(s) associated therewith and the received target identifier vector; and if so, causing the parent node to forward the multicast group packet to the child node(s).

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, kits, and systems relating to transferring electromagnetic energy to an energy application zone via a source of electromagnetic energy are disclosed. Some apparatuses may include a processor configured to determine a preliminary amount of energy to be dissipated in an object located at least partially in the energy application zone and determine a corrected amount of energy based on the preliminary amount of energy and calibration information. The processor may be further configured to estimate an amount of energy dissipated in the object. The processor may also be configured to cause the source to transfer energy to the energy application zone at least until the energy dissipated in the object as estimated equals the corrected amount of energy.

Abstract: A method of heating and/or thawing using an RF heater is described. In some cases the heating differentially heats portions according to their dissipation ratios. Optionally, this avoids dissipating large amounts of energy into thawed portions while frozen portions are still extant and heat slowly. Optionally, this prevents overheating of thawed portions.

Abstract: A method of heating a load in a cavity of an apparatus for heating objects by transmitting to the cavity electromagnetic waves may include determining, for each of a plurality of modulation space elements (MSEs), a dissipation ratio indicating a proportion of power dissipated in the load to power transmitted into the cavity, wherein each MSE is a set of one or more values of variables, each controllable by the apparatus, that affect a field pattern excited in the cavity. The method may further include selecting one or more MSEs from the plurality of MSEs based on the dissipation ratio determined for each of the plurality of MSEs, wherein each of the selected one or more MSSEs is associated with a corresponding dissipation ratio that is lower than a threshold and applying RF energy to the load at the selected one or more frequencies.

Abstract: A heating profile of a microwave oven is modified using microwaves at a plurality of frequencies. A power of transmission to a cavity of the microwave oven of microwaves is defined at each of the plurality of frequencies. A duration is defined for which the microwaves are transmitted at each of the plurality of frequencies. For each of the plurality of frequencies, a proportion of power input to the cavity that is not output from the cavity is measured. The measured proportions am used to modify the power of transmission at each frequency, the duration of transmission at each frequency or both.

Abstract: An electromagnetic heater for heating an irregularly shaped object, including: a cavity within which an object is to be placed; at least one feed which feeds UHF or microwave energy into the cavity; and a controller that controls one or more characteristics of the cavity or energy to assure that the UHF or microwave energy is deposited uniformly in the object within ±30% over at least 80% of the volume of the object.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying electromagnetic energy at a frequency or frequencies in a frequency range of 1 MHz-100 GHz to an object in a cavity. The apparatus includes a source of electromagnetic energy and a processor configured to acquire information indicative of a spatial location of the object in the cavity, identify a first set of frequency and phase values, the first set being associated with a first field pattern having a first high-intensity region corresponding to a first area of the spatial location of the object, identify a second set of frequency and phase values, the second set being associated with a second field pattern having a second high-intensity region corresponding to a second area of the spatial location of the object, wherein the first area is different from the second area and control the source, in accordance with the first and second sets of frequency and phase values, to apply electromagnetic energy to the first and second areas.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for applying electromagnetic energy at a frequency or frequencies in a frequency range of 1 MHz to 100 GHz to an object in a cavity via at least one radiating element. At least one processor is configured to receive a target energy distribution, select, based on the target energy distribution, a plurality of sets of values of field-affecting parameters controllable by the apparatus. The parameters include at least one of frequency, phase, and amplitude. The apparatus provides for the control of a source coupled to the at least one radiating element to excite a respective field pattern for each selected set of values.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying EM energy to a load may include at least one processor configured to receive information indicative of dissipated energy for each of a plurality of modulation space elements and group a number of the plurality of modulations space elements into at least two subsets based on the information received indicative of dissipated energy. The processor may also be configured to associate a power delivery protocol with each of the at least two subsets wherein the power delivery protocol differs between subsets and regulate energy applied to the load in accordance with each power delivery protocol.

Abstract: Devices and methods for RF heating of food, using techniques which allow uniformity and/or controlled non-uniformity.

Abstract: Devices and methods for RF heating of food, using techniques which allow uniformity and/or controlled non-uniformity.