Abstract: Proxies for physiological states of tissue are provided. Accordingly, there are provided methods of determining host AMP landscape, establishing a profile indicative of tissue status, and identifying proxies for tissue status in AMP profiles of samples of secretions, exudates and/or excretions of the tissue. Also provided are methods for determination of disease severity and chronology.

Abstract: A method of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that specifically increases the amount of hexadecadienoate (16:2n6), N-acetylglycine, 1-palmitoyl-2-gamma-linolenoyl-GPC (16:0/18:3n6) and/or Hexanoylglycine; or an agent that decreases the amount of dimethylglycine (DMG) in the fecal metabolome of the subject. Agents suitable for same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method of predicting a response of a subject to food is disclosed. The method comprises: selecting a food to which a response of the subject is unknown; accessing a first database having data describing the subject but not a response of the subject to the selected food; accessing a second database having data pertaining to responses of other subjects to foods, the responses of the other subjects including responses of at least one other subject to the selected food or a food similar to said selected food; and analyzing the databases based on the selected food to estimate the response of the subject to the selected food.

Abstract: Method of predicting a response of a subject to food is disclosed. The method comprises: selecting a food to which a response of the subject is unknown; accessing a first database having data describing the subject but not a response of the subject to the selected food; accessing a second database having data pertaining to responses of other subjects to foods, the responses of the other subjects including responses of at least one other subject to the selected food or a food similar to said selected food; and analyzing the databases based on the selected food to estimate the response of the subject to the selected food.

Abstract: Methods of treating acute liver disease acute liver diseases are provided. Accordingly, there is provided a method of treating acute liver disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of binding a component of a TLR-MYC signaling pathway selected from the group consisting of MYC, MYD88, TRIF and p38 and inhibiting expression and/or activity of the component.

Abstract: A method of determining tolerance to an agent in a healthy subject is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) determining a signature of a microbiome in a sample of the healthy subject who has been subjected to the agent or condition; and (b) comparing the signature of the microbiome of the healthy subject to at least one reference signature of a pathological microbiome, wherein when the signature of the microbiome of the healthy subject is statistically significantly similar to the reference signature of the pathological microbiome, it is indicative that the healthy subject is intolerant to the agent.

Abstract: A method of treating bacterial vaginosis in a subject is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition which comprises between three and twenty species of bacteria or a secretion thereof, wherein at least 70% of the bacteria of the composition are of the species Lactobacillus crispatus, thereby treating the bacterial vaginosis.

Abstract: A redirected Treg cell is endowed with specificity toward a selected target antigen or ligand. The cell contains a chimeric receptor polypeptide that is expressed in a single, continuous chain, with an extracellular recognition region displayed on the surface of the cell, a transmembrane region and an intracellular signaling region. The extracellular recognition region is specific for the selected target antigen or ligand. The intracellular signaling region includes a combination of T-cell signaling polypeptide moieties, which combination, upon binding of the extracellular recognition region to the selected target antigen or ligand, triggers activation of the redirected Treg cells to cause suppression of T-cell mediated immunity. Such redirected Treg cells may be used to suppress undesired activity of T effector cells thereby mediating an immune or inflammatory response.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are bacteriophage compositions and therapeutic uses thereof. The disclosure also relates to bacteriophage that are capable of lysing Klebsiella bacterial strains, e.g., strains that are associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and thereby capable of modulating disease.

Abstract: A method of treating ALS in a subject in need thereof is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount at least two metabolites.

Abstract: A method of assessing whether a candidate subject is suitable for probiotic treatment is disclosed. The method comprises determining a signature of the gut microbiome of the candidate subject, wherein when the signature of the microbiome of the candidate subject is statistically significantly similar to a signature of a gut microbiome of a control subject known to be responsive to probiotic treatment, it is indicative that the subject is suitable for probiotic treatment.

Abstract: A method of analyzing the likelihood of weight regain in a subject who has reached a target weight by practicing a weight loss program is disclosed. The method comprises determining an amount or presence of at least one microbe and/or product thereof in the gut microbiome of the subject, wherein the amount of the at least one microbe is altered during a prior weight gain period of the subject to reach a level representative of an obese subject and further wherein the amount of the at least one microbe is retained at the level following the weight loss program, wherein the amount or presence of the at least one microbe or product thereof is predictive of weight regain.

Abstract: Method of predicting a response of a subject to food is disclosed. The method comprises: selecting a food to which a response of the subject is unknown; accessing a first database having data describing the subject but not a response of the subject to the selected food; accessing a second database having data pertaining to responses of other subjects to foods, the responses of the other subjects including responses of at least one other subject to the selected food or a food similar to said selected food; and analyzing the databases based on the selected food to estimate the response of the subject to the selected food.

Abstract: Method of predicting a response of a subject to food is disclosed. The method comprises: selecting a food to which a response of the subject is unknown; accessing a first database having data describing the subject but not a response of the subject to the selected food; accessing a second database having data pertaining to responses of other subjects to foods, the responses of the other subjects including responses of at least one other subject to the selected food or a food similar to said selected food; and analyzing the databases based on the selected food to estimate the response of the subject to the selected food.

Abstract: A method of treating a disease associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction in a subject is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent which downregulates the amount of glucose in intestinal cells, with the proviso that the disease is not Diabetes or obesity. Other agents for treating diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating psoriasis and other indications by inhibiting leptin activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating psoriasis and other indications by inhibiting leptin activity.

Abstract: A method of improving the glucose response in glucose tolerant and intolerant subjects is provided. The method comprises providing to the subject probiotic compositions, or agents which specifically reduce bacterial species.

Abstract: A redirected Treg cell is endowed with specificity toward a selected target antigen or ligand. The cell contains a chimeric receptor polypeptide that is expressed in a single, continuous chain, with an extracellular recognition region displayed on the surface of the cell, a transmembrane region and an intracellular signaling region. The extracellular recognition region is specific for the selected target antigen or ligand. The intracellular signaling region includes a combination of T-cell signaling polypeptide moieties, which combination, upon binding of the extracellular recognition region to the selected target antigen or ligand, triggers activation of the redirected Treg cells to cause suppression of T-cell mediated immunity. Such redirected Treg cells may be used to suppress undesired activity of T effector cells thereby mediating an immune or inflammatory response.

Abstract: A method of determining the therapeutic effect of an agent, such as a metabolite, comprising: (a) exposing a pathological microbiome to the agent; and (b) comparing the signature of the pathological microbiome following the exposing with a reference signature of a healthy microbiome, wherein when the signature of the microbiome is statistically significantly similar to the healthy microbiome reference signature, it is indicative that the agent has a therapeutic effect on the microbiome. The agent may be provided to a subject having a pathological microbiome once it has been classified as therapeutic.