Abstract: A method of diagnosing Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in a subject in need thereof is provided. The method comprising detecting a level of at least one micro RNA (miR) selected from the group consisting of hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-629-5p, hsa-miR-628-3p, hsa-miR-379-5p, hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-142-5p and hsa-miR-340-5p in a biological sample of the subject, wherein when said level of said at least one micro RNA (miR) is higher than that in a control sample, it is indicative of FTD.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: A method of prognosing a course of disease progression and/or survival time in a subject diagnosed with ALS or FTD is disclosed. The method comprising: (a) detecting a level of miR-181 in a biological sample of the subject; and (b) determining the disease progression and/or survival time based on the level of the miR-181, wherein: (i) when the level of miR-181 is higher than that in a control sample, it is indicative of a rapid disease progression and/or poor survival; or (ii) when the level of miR-181 is about the same or lower than that in the control sample, it is indicative of a slow disease progression and/or good survival. Methods of prognosing a stage of disease in a subject diagnosed with ALS or FTD are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject having MND is provided. The method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent selected from the group consisting of miR-218, miR-218*, precursor thereof and a polynucleotide sequence encoding miR-218 or miR-218* or precursor thereof, thereby treating the MND in the subject. A method of treating a subject having MND, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of downregulating an activity or expression of a gene product selected from the group consisting of KCND2, KCNH1, GABRB2, SLC6A1, SLC6A11, KCNA1, CACNB4, GRIA2, GRIK2, GABRG1 and GRIK3, is also provided.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject having MND is provided. The method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent selected from the group consisting of miR-218, miR-218*, precursor thereof and a polynucleotide sequence encoding miR-218 or miR-218* or precursor thereof, thereby treating the MND in the subject. A method of treating a subject having MND, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of downregulating an activity or expression of a gene product selected from the group consisting of KCND2, KCNH1, GABRB2, SLC6A1, SLC6A11, KCNA1, CACNB4, GRIA2, GRIK2, GABRG1 and GRIK3, is also provided.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: A method of treating a cellular stress-related disease in a subject in need thereof is provided. The method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of enhancing processing of a pre-miRNA, thereby treating the cellular stress-related disease in the subject. Methods for treating motor neuron disease (MND) are also provided as well as pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject having MND is provided. The method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent selected from the group consisting of miR-218, miR-218*, precursor thereof and a polynucleotide sequence encoding miR-218 or miR-218* or precursor thereof, thereby treating the MND in the subject. A method of treating a subject having MND, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of downregulating an activity or expression of a gene product selected from the group consisting of KCND2, KCNH1, GABRB2, SLC6A1, SLC6A11, KCNA1, CACNB4, GRIA2, GRIK2, GABRG1 and GRIK3, is also provided.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: A method of ex-vivo increasing insulin content in beta cells or stem cells is disclosed. The method comprising contacting the beta cells or stem cells with an agent for downregulating an activity or expression of miR-7, thereby increasing the insulin content in the beta cells or stem cells.

Abstract: A method of ex-vivo increasing insulin content in beta cells or stem cells is disclosed. The method comprising contacting the beta cells or stem cells with an agent for downregulating an activity or expression of miR-7, thereby increasing the insulin content in the beta cells or stem cells.

Abstract: Use of an agent which upregulates an activity or amount of miRNA-9 or miRNA-9* is disclosed for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a motor neuron disease (MND).

Abstract: A method of increasing insulin content in a pancreatic beta cell is disclosed. The method comprising expressing in the pancreatic beta cell an exogenous polynucleotide encoding at least one microRNA or a precursor thereof, wherein the microRNA is selected from the group consisting of miR-15, miR-16, miR-24, miR-26, miR-27, miR-29, miR-30, miR-129, miR-141, miR-148, miR-182, miR-200, miR-376 and Let-7, thereby increasing the insulin content in the pancreatic beta cell.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: microRNAs and compositions comprising same for the treatment and diagnosis of serotonin-, adrenalin-, noradrenalin-, glutamate-, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-associated medical conditions are provided.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is disclosed. The method comprising determining a level of miR-218 in a biological sample of a subject, wherein a down-regulation in the miR-218 is indicative of ALS in the subject.

Abstract: A method of treating a cellular stress-related disease in a subject in need thereof is provided. The method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent capable of enhancing processing of a pre-miRNA, thereby treating the cellular stress-related disease in the subject. Methods for treating motor neuron disease (MND) are also provided as well as pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A method of increasing insulin content in a pancreatic beta cell is disclosed. The method comprising expressing in the pancreatic beta cell an exogenous polynucleotide encoding at least one microRNA or a precursor thereof, wherein the microRNA is selected from the group consisting of miR-15, miR-16, miR-24, miR-26, miR-27, miR-29, miR-30, miR-129, miR-141, miR-148, miR-182, miR-200, miR-376 and Let-7, thereby increasing the insulin content in the pancreatic beta cell.