Abstract: Inhomogeneous dielectric lenses for electromagnetic waves can be produced by a process such as 3D printing to have controllable dielectric values. Dielectric values can be produced by a varying density of air voids within, for example, a dielectric matrix to obtain an effective overall density. Approaches in accordance with various embodiments can obtain uniform, isotropic dielectric properties without resonant behavior by the use of aperiodic distributions of nonuniformly-sized air voids. Target air fraction and distribution of air voids can be specified by a target dielectric constant through dielectric mixing rules, such as Maxwell-Garnet mixing rules, and a requirement for locally uniform distributions of air voids, while varying the density of the air voids across the overall structure to produce a desired gradient of dielectric properties.

Abstract: Inhomogeneous dielectric lenses for electromagnetic waves can be produced by a process such as 3D printing to have controllable dielectric values. Dielectric values can be produced by a varying density of air voids within, for example, a dielectric matrix to obtain an effective overall density. Approaches in accordance with various embodiments can obtain uniform, isotropic dielectric properties without resonant behavior by the use of aperiodic distributions of nonuniformly-sized air voids. Target air fraction and distribution of air voids can be specified by a target dielectric constant through dielectric mixing rules, such as Maxwell-Garnet mixing rules, and a requirement for locally uniform distributions of air voids, while varying the density of the air voids across the overall structure to produce a desired gradient of dielectric properties.

Abstract: Inhomogeneous dielectric lenses for electromagnetic waves can be produced by a process such as 3D printing to have controllable dielectric values. Dielectric values can be produced by a varying density of air voids within, for example, a dielectric matrix to obtain an effective overall density. Approaches in accordance with various embodiments can obtain uniform, isotropic dielectric properties without resonant behavior by the use of aperiodic distributions of nonuniformly-sized air voids. Target air fraction and distribution of air voids can be specified by a target dielectric constant through dielectric mixing rules, such as Maxwell-Garnet mixing rules, and a requirement for locally uniform distributions of air voids, while varying the density of the air voids across the overall structure to produce a desired gradient of dielectric properties.