Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of a second magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of magnesium, or of a catalytic amount of a strong, volatile acid; and/or an additive non-magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of lithium, antimony, tin calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, silicium, zirconium, titanium or zinc. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a calcium fluoride (CaF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a calcium precursor in a first volume in a non-aqueous solvent, and adding, in a second volume, 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (nHF) per mole calcium precursor to said first volume, and/or a magnesium additive is added before or after said fluorination with hydrogen fluoride with additional 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (nHF) per mole magnesium additive. Additionally or alternatively at least one metal additive precursor is added before or after the fluorination with hydrogen fluoride wherein an additional amount of hydrogen fluoride (nadHF) is present in the fluorination step. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of a second magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of magnesium, or of a catalytic amount of a strong, volatile acid; and/or an additive non-magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of lithium, antimony, tin calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium or zinc. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of a second magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of magnesium, or of a catalytic amount of a strong, volatile acid; and/or an additive non-magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of lithium, antimony, tin calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, silicium, zirconium, titanium or zinc. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium precursor in a first volume in a non-aqueous solvent, and adding, in a second volume, 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) per mole calcium precursor to said first volume, and adding a metal additive before, during or after step b), wherein said metal additive is calcium, in form of a calcium precursor, wherein the amount of said calcium additive, in relation to the amount of said magnesium precursor is 1:100 to 1:1, as measured in molar equivalents of said calcium additive to said magnesium precursor, and wherein additionally 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (nHFc) per mole calcium additive is present in said second volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a calcium fluoride (CaF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a calcium precursor in a first volume in a non-aqueous solvent, and adding, in a second volume, 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (nHF) per mole calcium precursor to said first volume, and/or a magnesium additive is added before or after said fluorination with hydrogen fluoride with additional 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (nHF) per mole magnesium additive. Additionally or alternatively at least one metal additive precursor is added before or after the fluorination with hydrogen fluoride wherein an additional amount of hydrogen fluoride (nadHF) is present in the fluorination step. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of a second magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of magnesium, or of a catalytic amount of a strong, volatile acid; and/or an additive non-magnesium fluoride precursor selected from the group of salts of strong, volatile acids, such as a chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or triflate of lithium, antimony, tin calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, silicium, zirconium, titanium or zinc. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Abstract: A process for the selective dehydrofluorination of hydrochlorofluoroalkanes and novel hydrochlorofluoroalkenes is described wherein an effective amount of a catalytically active metal compound is applied which is selected from the group consisting of AlF3??, MgAlxF2+3x?? and MgZryF2+4y??, wherein x and y have, independently of one another, values in the range of from 0 to 0.33 and ? has a value in the range of from 0 to 0.1. Certain hydrofluorochloroalkenes are also described, as well as their use as intermediates in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A process for the selective dehydrochlorination of a hydrochlorofluoroalkane by using chloride fluorides of Ba, Ca, or Sr as catalysts, wherein the hydrochlorofluoroalkane comprises a carbon atom or carbon atoms carrying at least one chlorine and at least one fluorine atom and further comprises at least one hydrogen atom on a carbon atom vicinal to the carbon atom or to the carbon atoms carrying the at least one chlorine and at least one fluorine atom.

Abstract: A process for the selective dehydrofluorination of hydrochlorofluoroalkanes and novel hydrochlorofluoroalkenes is described wherein an effective amount of a catalytically active metal compound is applied which is selected from the group consisting of AlF3??, MgAlxF2+3x?? and MgZryF2+4y??, wherein x and y have, independently of one another, values in the range of from 0 to 0.33 and ? has a value in the range of from 0 to 0.1. Certain hydrofluorochloroalkenes are also described, as well as their use as intermediates in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A process for the selective dehydrochlorination of a hydrochlorofluoroalkane by using chloride fluorides of Ba, Ca, or Sr as catalysts, wherein the hydrochlorofluoroalkane comprises a carbon atom or carbon atoms carrying at least one chlorine and at least one fluorine atom and further comprises at least one hydrogen atom on a carbon atom vicinal to the carbon atom or to the carbon atoms carrying the at least one chlorine and at least one fluorine atom.

Abstract: Halogenated alkenes, especially fluorinated alkenes can be prepared from halogenated and fluorinated alkanes, respectively, by dehydrohalogenation or dehydrofluorination in the presence of a high-surface metal fluoride or oxifluoride. Preferably, trifluoroethylene, pentafluoropropene, tetrafluorobutenes or trifluorobutadiene are prepared. Aluminum fluoride is highly suitable. The metal fluoride or oxifluoride can be applied supported on a carrier.

Abstract: Halogenated alkenes, especially fluorinated alkenes can be prepared from halogenated and fluorinated alkanes, respectively, by dehydrohalogenation or dehydrofluorination in the presence of a high-surface metal fluoride or oxifluoride. Preferably, trifluoroethylene, pentafluoropropene, tetrafluorobutenes or trifluorobutadiene are prepared. Aluminium fluoride is highly suitable. The metal fluoride or oxifluoride can be applied supported on a carrier.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for preparing an amorphous metal fluoride of the formula MX+FX?? comprising the steps of a) providing a precursor, whereby the precursor comprises a structure having a formula of Mx+F(x??)?yBy; and b) reacting the precursor with a fluorinating agent generating the amorphous metal flouride having a formula of Mx+Fx??, whereby M is selected from the group comprising metals of the second, third and fourth main group and any subgroup of the periodic table, B is a coordinately bound group; x is any integer of 2 or 3; y is any integer between 1 and 3; ? is 0 to 0.1; and x??>y.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for preparing an X-ray amorphous or weakly crystalline metal oxide fluoride of a composition represented by the formula Ma+ObFc comprising the steps of b) providing a precursor, whereby the precursor is a fluorinated metal compound having a composition which is represented by the formula Ma+F(a?d)BdLxb) converting the precursor into an metal oxide/hydroxide fluoride; and c) calcinating the metal oxide/hydroxide fluoride having the formula Ma+OcHfFc to generate the X-ray amorphous or weakly crystalline metal oxide fluoride of the formula Ma+ObFc, whereby M is selected from the group comprising metals of the first, second, third and fourth main group and any subgroup of the periodic table; B is a group or an anion which is selected from the group comprising alkoxide, enolates, alkyl, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, and organic acid anions; B is preferably an alkoxy group; L is a solvent other than water; a is any integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 2 or 3;

Abstract: The invention relates to the utilization of a highly fluorinated oligomeric alkane as a therapeutic agent in ophthalmology, the alkane having the general formula [—RF(CH2)nCR1—CR2—]x, wherein RF is a linear or branched perfluorinated alkyl chain C2F5 to C12F23, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, C2H5 and C3H7, n is selected from the numbers 0, 1 and 2, and x is a number between 2 and 6, with a molar mass of at least 750. According to the invention, a pharmacological agent is provided that is used in ophthalmology and that causes little or no damage to the retina even when used over a long period.