Abstract: The invention tracks and automatically evaluates plant traits of “individuals of plant canopy” in a growth process of a germination period (from sowing until immediately prior to primary seedling culture), at a plant factory with artificial lighting. Specifically, a two-dimensional distribution of the plant traits is calculated by non-destructively and continuously measuring plant trait information in the growth process of the germination period, on the basis of image information 2a, environmental factor information 2b, genetic characteristic information 2c, and management information 2d.

Abstract: The invention tracks and automatically evaluates plant traits of “individuals of plant canopy” in a growth process of a germination period (from sowing until immediately prior to primary seedling culture), at a plant factory with artificial lighting. Specifically, a two-dimensional distribution of the plant traits is calculated by non-destructively and continuously measuring plant trait information in the growth process of the germination period, on the basis of image information 2a, environmental factor information 2b, genetic characteristic information 2c, and management information 2d.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery porous layer which has both high-voltage resistance and adhesiveness is provided. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery porous layer contains a resin A, a resin B, and a filler. The resin A has a structure in which a plurality of aromatic rings are connected by chemical bonds, at least some of the chemical bonds being amide bonds, at least some of the chemical bonds being sulfonyl bonds. The resin B is a nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery porous layer contains the resin A in an amount of 20 parts by weight to 80 parts by weight, when a total amount of the resin A and the resin B is regarded as 100 parts by weight.

Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery porous layer which has both high-voltage resistance and adhesiveness. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery porous layer contains: a block copolymer; and a filler, the block copolymer having: a block A containing, as a main component, units each represented by “—(NH—Ar1—O—NHCO—Ar2—CO)—”; and a block B containing, as a main component, units each represented by “—(NH—Ar313 NHCO—Ar4—CO—)—”. Not less than 50% of all Ar1 each have a structure in which two aromatic rings are connected by a sulfonyl bond. Not more than 50% of all Ar3 each have a structure in which two aromatic rings are connected by a sulfonyl bond. 30% to 70% of all Ar1 and Ar3 each have a structure in which two aromatic rings are connected by a sulfonyl bond.

Abstract: A composition which makes it possible to easily find defects of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery laminated separator is provided. The composition includes a solvent and an aramid resin in which (i) each of aromatic rings in a main chain has an electron-withdrawing group, (ii) at least one end of a molecule is an amino group, and (iii) more than 90% of bonds with which the aromatic rings in the main chain are connected to each other are amide bonds.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery laminated separator which is not altered in properties even after long-time charging under a high voltage condition and excels in heat resistance is described. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery laminated separator includes a polyolefin porous film and a porous layer, the porous layer contains a binder resin and a filler, and an area of an opening in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery laminated separator is 7.0 mm2 or less when the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery laminated separator is subjected to a certain heat resistance test.

Abstract: With the object of efficiently producing an oxidation product, the present invention provides a method for producing an oxidation product by oxidizing a raw material compound in the presence of oxygen, wherein the raw material compound is oxidized in the presence of manganese dioxide having a crystal structure of ?-type.