Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a housing, a first light source, and a first lens optical system. The housing includes an opening. The first light source includes a first emission portion to emit first light into an internal space of the housing. The first lens optical system includes at least one first lens between the first emission portion and the opening in the housing on a path of the first light. The first lens optical system forms an image of the first light from the first emission portion on an imaginary image plane adjacent to the opening and causes the first light to be emitted through the opening. An angle defining a numerical aperture of the first lens optical system is greater than a divergence angle of the first light from the first emission portion.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a housing, a first light source, a first lens optical system, and a shield. The housing includes a first opening. The first lens optical system includes at least one first lens between a first emission portion of the first light source and the first opening in the housing on a first light path. The first lens optical system forms an image of the first light from the first emission portion on an imaginary image plane adjacent to the first opening and causes the first light to be emitted through the first opening. The shield includes a second opening to allow passage of the first light. The first light is partially incident on the shield. Two outermost beams of the first light on the first emission portion form a smaller angle after passing through the second opening in the shield than before passing through the second opening.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus (10) includes a separation unit (16) configured to separate and propagate incident electromagnetic waves in a plurality of directions, a first detector (17) configured to detect separated first electromagnetic waves at a first frequency, and a second detector (20) configured to detect second electromagnetic waves separated in a different direction than the first electromagnetic waves at a second frequency lower than the first frequency and to change an amplification factor of a detection signal in accordance with a detection result of the first detector.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus 100 includes a wavelength separator 123 having a transmittance of electromagnetic waves in a first wavelength band larger than a transmittance of electromagnetic waves in a wavelength band other than the first wavelength band, a wavelength selector 124 having a transmittance of electromagnetic waves in a second wavelength band larger than a transmittance of electromagnetic waves in a wavelength band other than the second wavelength band, and a first detector 130 configured to detect electromagnetic waves progressing via the wavelength separator 123 and the wavelength selector 124. The first wavelength band and the second wavelength band partially overlap with each other.

Abstract: A wavelength converter emits light in response to laser light emitted from a light emitter. The wavelength converter includes a surface including a first area to directly receive the laser light from the light emitter, and a second area located on a member. The light emitted from the wavelength converter includes a first component emitted directly from the wavelength converter and input directly into the light receiver, and a second component emitted from the second area, reflected from the member, and input into the light receiver. The member includes a surface including a third area to receive the second component. The third area has a reflectance for the light greater than a reflectance of the wavelength converter for the light in the second area.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a housing, a first light source, a first lens optical system, and a shield. The housing includes a first opening. The first lens optical system includes at least one first lens between a first emission portion of the first light source and the first opening in the housing on a first light path. The first lens optical system forms an image of the first light from the first emission portion on an imaginary image plane adjacent to the first opening and causes the first light to be emitted through the first opening. The shield includes a second opening to allow passage of the first light. The first light is partially incident on the shield. Two outermost beams of the first light on the first emission portion form a smaller angle after passing through the second opening in the shield than before passing through the second opening.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus causes electromagnetic waves incident on a reference surface to propagate in a particular direction using each of the pixels, a detector to detect electromagnetic waves incident on a detection surface, and a second propagation unit that includes a first surface opposing the reference surface, a second surface opposing the detection surface, and a third surface intersecting the first and second surface. The third surface causes electromagnetic waves propagating in a first direction to propagate in a second direction. The first surface causes electromagnetic waves propagating in a second direction to be incident on the reference surface and causes electromagnetic waves re-incident from the reference surface to propagate in a third direction. The third surface causes electromagnetic waves propagating in the third direction to propagate in a fourth direction. The second surface emits electromagnetic waves propagating in the fourth direction to the detection surface.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a housing, a first light source, and a first lens optical system. The housing includes an opening. The first light source includes a first emission portion to emit first light into an internal space of the housing. The first lens optical system includes at least one first lens between the first emission portion and the opening in the housing on a path of the first light. The first lens optical system forms an image of the first light from the first emission portion on an imaginary image plane adjacent to the opening and causes the first light to be emitted through the opening. An angle defining a numerical aperture of the first lens optical system is greater than a divergence angle of the first light from the first emission portion.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detecting apparatus 10 includes a first image forming unit 15, an intermediate layer 22, and a blocking unit 25. The first image forming unit 15 is configured to cause incident electromagnetic waves to form an image. The blocking unit 25 is configured to block propagation of electromagnetic waves to the first image forming unit 15 when the electromagnetic waves are incident on the intermediate layer 22 at angle equal to or greater than a critical angle.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus (10) includes a separation unit (16), first detector (17), propagation unit (18), second detector (20), and blocker (21). The separation unit (16) separates electromagnetic waves propagating in a first direction (d1) and propagates the electromagnetic waves in a second direction (d2) and a third direction (d3). The first detector (17) detects electromagnetic waves propagated in the second direction (d2). The propagation unit (18) includes pixels (px) along a reference surface (ss). The propagation unit (18) switches the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves propagated in the third direction (d3) and incident on the reference surface (ss) between a fourth direction (d4) and a fifth direction (d5) at each pixel (px). The second detector (20) detects the electromagnetic waves propagated in the fourth direction (d4). The blocker (21) blocks at least a portion of the electromagnetic waves propagated in the fifth direction (d5).

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus 10 includes a first propagation unit 16, a second propagation unit 17, a first detector 19, and a second detector 20. The first propagation unit 16 propagates electromagnetic waves incident on a reference surface ss in a particular direction using each pixel px. The second propagation unit 17 includes a first surface s1, a second surface s2, a third surface s3, a fourth surface s4, a fifth surface s5, and a sixth surface s6. The first surface s1 propagates electromagnetic waves incident from a first direction in a second direction and propagates electromagnetic propagated in a third direction in a fourth direction. The second surface s2 separates electromagnetic waves propagated in the second direction d2 and propagate electromagnetic waves in a third direction d3 and a fifth direction d5. The first detector 19 detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the third surface s3. The second detector 20 detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the sixth surface s6.

Abstract: A wavelength converter emits light in response to laser light emitted from a light emitter. The wavelength converter includes a surface including a first area to directly receive the laser light from the light emitter, and a second area located on a member. The light emitted from the wavelength converter includes a first component emitted directly from the wavelength converter and input directly into the light receiver, and a second component emitted from the second area, reflected from the member, and input into the light receiver. The member includes a surface including a third area to receive the second component. The third area has a reflectance for the light greater than a reflectance of the wavelength converter for the light in the second area.

Abstract: A photoconversion device includes a holder, a wavelength converter, and an optical element. The holder holds an output portion that outputs excitation light. The wavelength converter includes an incident surface section including a protruding surface to receive the excitation light from the output portion and emits fluorescence in response to the excitation light incident on the incident surface section. The optical element includes a focal point surrounded by the incident surface to direct the fluorescence emitted by the wavelength converter in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to: provide an agent that effectively suppresses inhibition of antigen-antibody reaction in an immunoassay using a sample containing a body fluid, in particular, a component derived from a biological mucosal membrane, such as saliva; and to suppress false positive and false negative results in the immunoassay. The present invention provides an agent for suppressing inhibition of immune reaction, characterized in that the agent comprises a compound of the following (1) or (2): (1) Sulfonic acid compound of the formula R1—SO3H or a salt thereof. (In the formula, R1 is selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain C5-C30 alkyl group; a straight-chain C1-C30 alkyl group substituted with an aryl group having at least one straight-chain C5-C30 alkyl group; and an aryl group having at least one straight-chain C5-C30 alkyl group. These groups may include a substituent group); and (2) Quaternary ammonium ion of the formula N+—R2R3R4R5 or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A photoconversion device includes a holder, a wavelength converter, and an optical element. The holder holds an output portion that outputs excitation light. The wavelength converter includes an incident surface section including a protruding surface to receive the excitation light from the output portion and emits fluorescence in response to the excitation light incident on the incident surface section. The optical element includes a focal point surrounded by the incident surface to direct the fluorescence emitted by the wavelength converter in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus comprises a first image formation unit, a travel unit 18, a second image formation unit, and a first detector. The travel unit 18 includes a plurality of pixels px arranged along a reference surface. The electromagnetic wave detection apparatus has at least one of: an arrangement in which respective extension surfaces of the reference surface and a detection surface of the first detector intersect each other and a main axis of the second image formation unit intersects the reference surface and the detection surface of the first detector; and an arrangement in which respective extension surfaces of the reference surface and an object surface of the first image formation unit whose spacing to the travel unit is set and whose image surface is the reference surface intersect each other and a main axis of the first image formation unit intersects the reference surface.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus (10) includes a first propagation unit (16), second propagation unit (17), first detector (19), and second detector (20). The first propagation unit (16) propagates electromagnetic waves incident on a reference surface (ss) in a particular direction at each pixel (px). The second propagation unit (17) includes first through sixth surfaces (s1 to s6). The second surface (s2) separates electromagnetic waves propagated in a second direction (d2) and propagates the electromagnetic waves in a third direction (d3) and fourth direction (d4). The fourth surface (s4) emits electromagnetic waves propagated in the fourth direction (d4) towards the reference surface (ss) and propagates electromagnetic waves incident again from the reference surface (ss) in a fifth direction (d5). The first detector (19) detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the third surface (s3). The second detector (20) detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the sixth surface (s6).

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus 10 includes a first image forming unit 15, a prism 17 having a fourth surface s3 for emitting electromagnetic waves incident from the first image forming unit 15, a progression unit 16 that includes a plurality of pixels arranged along a reference surface and is configured to cause electromagnetic waves incident on the reference surface from a fourth surface s4 to progress in a particular direction using each of the pixels, and a first detector 19 configured to detect electromagnetic waves progressing in the particular direction. The prism 17 includes a reflection suppressor 90 that is provided at a position out of a progression path of electromagnetic waves incident from the first image forming unit 15 to be detected by the first detector 19.

Abstract: Simplification of a mechanism for scanning on a measuring object using electromagnetic waves is intended. An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus includes a radiation unit including a plurality of radiation regions capable of radiating electromagnetic waves, a switching unit, and a first detector. The switching unit includes a plurality of switching elements that can be switched to a first state for causing incident electromagnetic waves reflected by an object, from among electromagnetic waves radiated from the radiation unit, to progress in a first direction. The first detector is configured to detect electromagnetic waves progressing in the first direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus (10) includes a separation unit (16) configured to separate and propagate incident electromagnetic waves in a plurality of directions, a first detector (17) configured to detect separated first electromagnetic waves at a first frequency, and a second detector (20) configured to detect second electromagnetic waves separated in a different direction than the first electromagnetic waves at a second frequency lower than the first frequency and to change an amplification factor of a detection signal in accordance with a detection result of the first detector.