Abstract: A wavelength conversion member includes a substrate and a wavelength conversion layer containing a binder and a phosphor and disposed on the substrate. The wavelength conversion layer has a volume ratio of the phosphor to the binder in a range of 0.75 to 1.45 and an average thickness in a range of 55 ?m to 146 ?m. A method for manufacturing a wavelength conversion member includes applying a phosphor composition onto a substrate, the phosphor composition including a binder, a solvent, and a phosphor, a boiling point of the solvent being in a range of 200° C. to 300° C., a mass ratio of the solvent to the binder being in a range of 0.01 to 0.4, and a mass ratio of the phosphor to the binder being in a range of 3.15 to 6.05, and heat-treating the phosphor composition applied onto the substrate to form a wavelength conversion layer.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning member having an abutment member being attached to a tip end portion of a support member. The support member includes a bent portion, an abutment-side support portion, and a fixed-side support portion. The abutment member abuts on a surface of an image carrying member. A point of fixation of the support member fixed to a fixing member is located downstream in a direction of movement relative to a normal at a point of abutment of the abutment member. With an angle of bending ? at the bent portion being set to 90°<?<180°, the abutment-side support portion is curved in a form of a crest toward downstream in the direction of movement whereas the fixed-side support portion is curved in a form of a crest toward upstream in the direction of movement.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning member configured to move in the opposite direction from a moving direction of an image carrier and come into contact with a surface of the image carrier to remove residual matter from the surface of the image carrier, wherein the cleaning member includes a supporting member formed with a metallic plate spring and a contact member formed with an elastic material and bonded to an end of the supporting member, an edge portion at an end of the contact member being brought into contact with the surface of the image carrier, the end of the contact member protrudes from the end of the supporting member, and the end of the supporting member is located on an upstream side of a normal line of the image carrier at the contact position of the edge portion in the moving direction of the image carrier.

Abstract: A power supply applies a first charged voltage to a charging section disposed near an image carrier during a predetermined process and applies second charged voltages sequentially to the charging section in obtaining a predetermined peak-to-peak voltage value for an alternating-current voltage of the first charged voltage. Each of the second charged voltages includes an alternating-current voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage value varying between a forward discharge range and a back discharge range. A current sensing section senses the alternating-current running through the charging section upon application of each of the second charged voltages.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning member configured to move in the opposite direction from a moving direction of an image carrier and come into contact with a surface of the image carrier to remove residual matter from the surface of the image carrier, wherein the cleaning member includes a supporting member formed with a metallic plate spring and a contact member formed with an elastic material and bonded to an end of the supporting member, an edge portion at an end of the contact member being brought into contact with the surface of the image carrier, the end of the contact member protrudes from the end of the supporting member, and the end of the supporting member is located on an upstream side of a normal line of the image carrier at the contact position of the edge portion in the moving direction of the image carrier.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning member having an abutment member being attached to a tip end portion of a support member. The support member includes a bent portion, an abutment-side support portion, and a fixed-side support portion. The abutment member abuts on a surface of an image carrying member. A point of fixation of the support member fixed to a fixing member is located downstream in a direction of movement relative to a normal at a point of abutment of the abutment member. With an angle of bending ? at the bent portion being set to 90°<?<180°, the abutment-side support portion is curved in a form of a crest toward downstream in the direction of movement whereas the fixed-side support portion is curved in a form of a crest toward upstream in the direction of movement.

Abstract: An image forming device including a photoreceptor with a protective layer, a contact charger; and a metal cleaning blade, wherein the cleaning blade includes a first region and a second region facing the photoreceptor, the first region is of a predefined roughness, and J>h×(cos ?/sin ?)×d, where ? is an angle between the first region and a tangent plane of the second region, ? is an angle between the first region and a tangent line of the surface of the photoreceptor at a point of contact with the cleaning blade, h is an amount of depletion of the cleaning blade in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the photoreceptor at the point of contact when the surface of the photoreceptor travels a unit of distance, and d is a predicted total travel distance of the surface of the photoreceptor in a defined time period.

Abstract: A power supply applies a first charged voltage to a charging section disposed near an image carrier during a predetermined process and applies second charged voltages sequentially to the charging section in obtaining a predetermined peak-to-peak voltage value for an alternating-current voltage of the first charged voltage. Each of the second charged voltages includes an alternating-current voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage value varying between a forward discharge range and a back discharge range. A current sensing section senses the alternating-current running through the charging section upon application of each of the second charged voltages.

Abstract: An image forming device including a photoreceptor with a protective layer, a contact charger; and a metal cleaning blade, wherein the cleaning blade includes a first region and a second region facing the photoreceptor, the first region is of a predefined roughness, and J>h×(cos ?/sin ?)×d, where ? is an angle between the first region and a tangent plane of the second region, ? is an angle between the first region and a tangent line of the surface of the photoreceptor at a point of contact with the cleaning blade, h is an amount of depletion of the cleaning blade in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the photoreceptor at the point of contact when the surface of the photoreceptor travels a unit of distance, and d is a predicted total travel distance of the surface of the photoreceptor in a defined time period.

Abstract: A source driver includes a dividing circuit, a start signal capturing unit, a pulse width determining unit and a control circuit. The dividing circuit produces a divided clock by dividing a basic clock signal. The start signal capturing unit captures the start signal at timing of the edge of the divided clock. The pulse width determining unit determines a pulse width of the start signal that is captured. The control circuit changes the timing to start capturing the data according to the pulse width of the start signal. With this structure, the latter source driver is able to adjust capturing timing to effective data timing input thereto, even though final data does not end at the falling edge of the divided clock signal.

Abstract: A method for producing polymer particles which includes: forming polymer particles by heterogeneous polymerization of a monomer in a supercritical fluid and/or subcritical fluid, wherein a radical polymerization initiator (I) having in a molecular at least a group having radical-generation capability and a group having affinity for the supercritical fluid and/or subcritical fluid, and a radical polymerization initiator (II) are used in combination.

Abstract: A method for producing polymer particles which includes: forming polymer particles by heterogeneous polymerization of a monomer in a supercritical fluid and/or subcritical fluid, wherein a radical polymerization initiator (I) having in a molecular at least a group having radical-generation capability and a group having affinity for the supercritical fluid and/or subcritical fluid, and a radical polymerization initiator (II) are used in combination.