Abstract: A system and method of providing and validating a bar-code on a lottery ticket to allow secure verification of tickets is described. Lottery ticket information comprising unique identifying information uniquely identifying the lottery ticket and validation information for use in determining a prize value associated with the lottery ticket is generated. First redundancy information is generated using the validation information and a portion of the unique identifying information. The first redundancy information used for checking the integrity of subsequently received validation information. The validation information is encrypted and second redundancy information is generated using the unique identifying information and the encrypted validation information. A first bar-code is constructed using the unique identifying information, the encrypted validation information and the second redundancy information.

Abstract: A first machine (e.g., server VM) authenticates an untrusted second machine (e.g., new client VM) as a condition to performing or allowing a protected operation. An authentication identifier is written to a file of a file system using one mechanism, and then read from the file using another mechanism. One of the mechanisms is an untrusted mechanism employing the untrusted second machine, while the other is a trusted mechanism performed by the first machine either alone or in combination with a trusted management component that has privileged access to the file system. If the written and read values match, it can be inferred that the second machine is authentic, because the trusted management component has identified and accessed an existing file system that is also separately accessed by the second machine.

Abstract: A system and method of providing and validating a bar-code on a lottery ticket to allow secure verification of tickets is described. Lottery ticket information comprising unique identifying information uniquely identifying the lottery ticket and validation information for use in determining a prize value associated with the lottery ticket is generated. First redundancy information is generated using the validation information and a portion of the unique identifying information. The first redundancy information used for checking the integrity of subsequently received validation information. The validation information is encrypted and second redundancy information is generated using the unique identifying information and the encrypted validation information. A first bar-code is constructed using the unique identifying information, the encrypted validation information and the second redundancy information.