Abstract: A waveguide (WG)-device comprising a p type material, an i-type material and an n-type materials (a PIN waveguide), the waveguide device comprising: a semi-insulating (SI) indium phosphide (InP) substrate; an epitaxial layer stack formed on the SI:InP substrate structured to form the PIN waveguide, the epitaxial layer stack comprising: an n-layer structure and a p-layer structure; an i-region comprising optical material having an operational wavelength range located between the n-layer structure and the p-layer structure; the n-layer structure and the p-layer structure providing a mode-shaping functionality configured to optical confine one or more modes of an optical signal configured to propagate through the i-region; wherein the mode-shaping functionality includes providing a mode-extending functionality in at least one of the n-layer structure and the p-layer structure.

Abstract: A dispersion compensation structure for use in an optical network to compensate for transmission-based dispersion of a light signal, wherein the dispersion compensation structure comprises an array of dispersion compensation elements having an AI-generated arrangement configured to compensate for transmission-based dispersion to one or more channels of the light signal and to generate an output having a spectrum that is substantially matching a pre-transmission spectrum for the or each channel.