Abstract: A lignin derivative including a unit of general formula (I): in which R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methoxy group —OMe, a hydroxyl group, where appropriate protected by a protective group of a hydroxyl function, or a unit R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a protective group of a hydroxyl function or a unit; A represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an —NH group or an —NR? group; and R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent not including a mesomeric-effect electron-withdrawing group conjugated to the aromatic ring, a substituent from R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4 representing the covalent bond with the benzylic carbon.

Abstract: A lignin derivative including a unit of general formula (I): in which R1, R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methoxy group —OMe, a hydroxyl group, where appropriate protected by a protective group of a hydroxyl function, or a unit R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a protective group of a hydroxyl function or a unit; A represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an —NH group or an —NR? group; and R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4 each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent not including a mesomeric-effect electron-withdrawing group conjugated to the aromatic ring, a substituent from R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4 representing the covalent bond with the benzylic carbon.

Abstract: A compound of general formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3 and R5, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, optionally protected by a protecting group. R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an —OR7 group, in which R7 represents a hydrogen atom, a protecting group or a gallate group. R6 represents a hydroxyl group, optionally protected by a protecting group. R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent not comprising a mesomeric electron withdrawing group conjugated with the furan ring. A substituent from R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4 representing the covalent bond with the pyran ring or one of the salts of same. A method for obtaining such a compound includes a step of depolymerization of condensed tannins in the presence of an acid by means of a nucleophile derived from furan.

Abstract: A compound has at least one epoxide function which can be synthesized by an epoxidation reaction of a compound having at least one hydroxyl function obtained by depolymerization of condensed tannins by a nucleophile selected from furan and the derivatives thereof. The compound having at least one epoxide function has properties that are useful in the production of epoxy resins, as a synthon precursor and/or as a starting material for forming a polyamine hardener.

Abstract: A compound of general formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3 and R5, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, optionally protected by a protecting group. R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an —OR7 group, in which R7 represents a hydrogen atom, a protecting group or a gallate group. R6 represents a hydroxyl group, optionally protected by a protecting group. R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent not comprising a mesomeric electron withdrawing group conjugated with the furan ring. A substituent from R?1, R?2, R?3 and R?4 representing the covalent bond with the pyran ring or one of the salts of same. A method for obtaining such a compound includes a step of depolymerization of condensed tannins in the presence of an acid by means of a nucleophile derived from furan.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a compound of interest of the sterol biosynthesis pathway in a eukaryotic organism or a derivative of a compound of the sterol biosynthesis pathway in said eukaryotic organism, in particular a sterol. This method comprises a step for the in vitro culturing of cells of said eukaryotic organism modified to express or overexpress a defensin, in a culture medium suitable for the development of said cells and containing at least one element chosen from the transition metals, lead and selenium, at a concentration greater than or equal to the concentration of said element that is necessary for inducing the overproduction of said compound of interest by said cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing ricinoleic acid ester from a pure or mixed vegetable oil, in particular castor oil, wherein the method includes at least the step of enzymatic transesterification in the presence of a light alcohol and using a typo-selective lipase in order to obtain a fraction enriched with ricinoleic acid ester. The method according to the invention for producing ricinoleic acid ester includes the steps: i) a first transesterification reaction in the presence of a light alcohol and a lipase extracted from Geotrichum candidum, in order to obtain a mixture M containing AR mono-, di- and triglycerides, fatty acid esters other than AR, alcohol; ii) the step of separating said mixture M into at least two fractions, including a fraction A enriched with AR glycerides, and a fraction B enriched with fatty acid esters other than RA; iii) the step of converting said AR glycerides into AR esters consisting of a fraction C rich in AR esters and a fraction rich in alcohols.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of fatty acid lower alkyl esters according to formula (I) R1CO—OR2??(I) in which R1CO represents a linear or branched acyl moiety having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds and wherein R2 is a linear or branched alkyl moiety having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by transesterification of triglycerides or fatty acid esters using C1-C6 aliphatic alcohols, which includes the steps of (a) providing an aqueous mixture of aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol by fermenting in a first reactor a carbon source comprising carbohydrates and/or glycerol produce a fermentation broth comprising said aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol, (b) providing in a second reactor a triglyceride and/or an ester of a fatty acid, together with a biocatalyst capable of effecting a transesterification reaction, (c) transferring said aqueous aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol mixture obtained from said first reactor into said second reactor to provide a two-phase system, and (d) effecting the transesteri

Abstract: A reaction medium for enzyme-catalyzed reactions is provided, comprising an oil-in-water emulsion including water, an emulsifier, an oil phase and at least one interfacially active enzyme, where the emulsion is produced by the phase inversion temperature process and has a droplet size of 50 to 400 nm. A method for the enzyme-catalyzed esterification, transesterification or hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters and/or triglycerides is also provided where the oil-in-water emulsion is used as the reaction medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing ricinoleic acid ester from a pure or mixed vegetable oil, in particular castor oil, wherein the method includes at least the step of enzymatic transesterification in the presence of a light alcohol and using a typo-selective lipase in order to obtain a fraction enriched with ricinoleic acid ester. The method according to the invention for producing ricinoleic acid ester includes the steps: i) a first transesterification reaction in the presence of a light alcohol and a lipase extracted from Geotrichum candidum, in order to obtain a mixture M containing AR mono-, di- and triglycerides, fatty acid esters other than AR, alcohol; ii) the step of separating said mixture M into at least two fractions, including a fraction A enriched with AR glycerides, and a fraction B enriched with fatty acid esters other than RA; iii) the step of converting said AR glycerides into AR esters consisting of a fraction C rich in AR esters and a fraction rich in alcohols.

Abstract: A reaction medium for enzyme-catalyzed reactions is provided, comprising an oil-in-water emulsion including water, an emulsifier, an oil phase and at least one interfacially active enzyme, where the emulsion is produced by the phase inversion temperature process and has a droplet size of 50 to 400 nm. A method for the enzyme-catalyzed esterification, transesterification or hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters and/or triglycerides is also provided where the oil-in-water emulsion is used as the reaction medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the production of fatty acid lower alkyl esters according to formula (I) R1CO—OR2 ??(I) in which R1CO represents a linear or branched acyl moiety having from about 6 to about_22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds and wherein R2 is a linear or branched alkyl moiety having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by transesterification of triglycerides or fatty acid esters using C1-C6 aliphatic alcohols, which includes the steps of (a) providing an aqueous mixture of aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol by fermenting in a first reactor a carbon_source comprising carbohydrates and/or glycerol produce a fermentation broth comprising said aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol, (b) providing in a second reactor a triglyceride and/or an ester of a fatty acid, together with a biocatalyst capable of effecting a transesterification reaction, (c) transferring said aqueous aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol mixture obtained from said first reactor into said_second reactor to provide_a two-phase system, and (d) effecting the transeste

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions produced by the phase inversion temperature process, with droplet sizes of 50 to 400 nm, for use as the reaction medium for biocatalytic reactions.

Abstract: An oil in water emulsion including water, an emulsifier and an oil phase is produced by the phase inversion temperature process and has a droplet size of 50 to 400 nm is provided. A process for the enzyme-catalyzed esterification, transesterification or hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters and/or triglycerides is also provided where the oil in water emulsion is used as the reaction medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides having perhydrolase activity with an amino acid sequence which is at least 80% homologous or at least 65% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 3, with the exception of SEQ ID NO. 3. The invention also relates to polypeptides having perhydrolase activity which contain at least one motif which is at least 50% homologous or at least 70% identical to a motif selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO. 4: GYSGGxxAxxWAxxxxxxYAPE, SEQ ID NO 5: GYSGGxxAxxWAxxxxxxYAPD, SEQ ID NO 6: GFSGGxxAxxWAxxxxxxYAPE, SEQ ID NO 7: GFSGGxxAxxWAxxxxxxYAPD, SEQ ID NO 8: GYSGGxxAxxWAxxxxxxYA and SEQ ID NO 9: GFSGGxxAxxWAxxxxxxYA.

Abstract: Polypeptides with lipase/acyltransferase activity are described with an amino acid sequence which has identity to the sequence reported in SEQ ID NO 2 of at least 49%, also polypeptides which display this activity, as well as nucleic acids (genes) which code for these polypeptides, vectors which contain nucleic acids which code for these polypeptides, transformed microorganisms which contain these nucleic acids, processes for production of these polypeptides and the application of nucleic acids for discovering new lipase/acyltransferases and the use of these lipase/acyltransferases as catalysts in chemical and biochemical processes.

Abstract: Polypeptides with lipase/acyltransferase activity are described with an amino acid sequence which has identity to the sequence reported in SEQ ID NO 2 of at least 49%, also polypeptides which display this activity, as well as nucleic acids (genes) which code for these polypeptides, vectors which contain nucleic acids which code for these polypeptides, transformed microorganisms which contain these nucleic acids, processes for production of these polypeptides and the application of nucleic acids for discovering new lipase/acyltransferases and the use of these lipase/acyltransferases as catalysts in chemical and biochemical processes.