Abstract: A machine is cleaned by directing a foam detergent into the machine to remove contaminants from inside the machine. An effluent portion of the foam detergent exits from the machine with some of the contaminants. One or more of a turbidity, a salinity, an amount of total dissolved solids, or a concentration the contaminants in the effluent is measured. A cleaning time period during which the foam detergent is to be directed into the machine is determined based on the turbidity, the salinity, the amount of total dissolved solids, and/or the contaminant concentration that is measured from the effluent. The foam detergent continues to be directed into the machine during the cleaning time period, and the flow of the foam detergent into the machine is terminated on expiration of the time period.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring volumes and areas using electromagnetic induction techniques. A current is generated and fed into one of two coil assemblies to induce voltage into another coil assembly to provide accurate values for volume or area.

Abstract: A muzzle loader apparatus for use with pistols, which have a curved handle and are loaded with lead balls. The apparatus has a handle engagement portion to house the handle of the pistol, this portion generally conforming to the shape of the handle. A support portion is fixedly connected to the handle portion and extends beyond the length of a barrel, so that a swivel arm can be mounted on the free end of the extended support portion. The swivel arm can move from a horizontal inoperative to a vertical operative position. A ramrod projector is swivelly mounted onto the swivel arm and can move to an alignment position with a bore of the pistol, when the swivel arm is in a position perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the barrel of the pistol and the support portion. The swivel projector has a loading arm insertable into the pistol bore when the swivel arm is in the vertical operative position.