Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring the liquid-metal surface level (13) and the slag surface level (14) in the crucible (1) of a metallurgical shaft furnace comprising the following steps: measuring, at one or more points on the external wall (2) of the crucible, the following variables: the circumferential strain in said external wall (2) by means of a number of strain-gauge sensors (6) fixed to the armor (4) of the external wall (2) of the crucible; and the temperature of said external wall (2) by means of one or more temperature sensors (7) fixed to the armor (4) of the external wall (2) of the crucible; introducing said variables measured at a number of points on the external wall of the crucible into the general equation governing circumferential strain, the solution of which is analytical, and which contains two unknowns, the liquid metal level and the overall liquid metal/slag level, considering set parameters; and solving said equation and obtaining an analytical solution giving th

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring the liquid-metal surface level (13) and the slag surface level (14) in the crucible (1) of a metallurgical shaft furnace comprising the following steps: measuring, at one or more points on the external wall (2) of the crucible, the following variables: the circumferential strain in said external wall (2) by means of a number of strain-gauge sensors (6) fixed to the armour (4) of the external wall (2) of the crucible; and the temperature of said external wall (2) by means of one or more temperature sensors (7) fixed to the armour (4) of the external wall (2) of the crucible; introducing said variables measured at a number of points on the external wall of the crucible into the general equation governing circumferential strain, the solution of which is analytical, and which contains two unknowns, the liquid metal level and the overall liquid metal/slag level, considering set parameters; and solving said equation and obtaining an analytical solution giving

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium for managing product manuals. One system includes an electronic device that is configured to download a product manual from a server, store the product manual to non-transitory computer-readable medium included in the electronic device, and associate an authentication period with the product manual. The electronic device is also configured to receive a request to display the product manual from a user and, in response to the request, display the product manual to the user when the authentication period has not expired. In addition, the electronic device is configured to automatically delete product manual from the non-transitory computer-readable medium when the authentication period has expired.

Abstract: A detector for scanning electron microscopes, which can be used under different pressure conditions in the specimen chamber of the electron microscope, designed for the detection of both electrons and light. For this purpose, the detector has a photodetector and a scintillator of a material transmissive for visible light connected before the photodetector. The scintillator can be provided with a coating transparent to visible light. By the application of different potentials, the detector is suitable for the detection of electrons in high vacuum and for the detection of light with high pressures in the specimen chamber.