Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for combining controlled and uncontrolled seismic data. The method includes accessing one or more controlled signals, each controlled signal associated with a respective receiver of a plurality of receivers. The method also includes accessing one or more uncontrolled signals, each uncontrolled signal associated with a respective receiver of the plurality of receivers. The method also includes generating one or more reconstructed signals based on the one or more uncontrolled signals. The method also includes generating a composite image based at least on the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals. The present disclosure may also include associated systems and apparatuses.

Abstract: A reaction mass seismic survey source that is located in an underground casing. The seismic source includes a non-planar base plate; a reaction mass located on the non-planar base plate; and a flextensional element housed in a recess of the reaction mass and configured to vibrate the non-planar base plate when actuated, to generate seismic waves underground.

Abstract: A method for improving a 4-dimensional (4D) repeatability by modifying a given path to be followed by a source during a seismic survey. The method includes receiving the given path at a control device associated with a vehicle that caries the source; following the given path during a first seismic survey that is a baseline survey for the 4D seismic survey; deviating from the given path to follow a new path when encountering an obstacle on the given path; and updating the given path, based on the new path, to obtain an updated given path when a deviation condition is met.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wireless data acquisition in seismic monitoring systems are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a signal table for an emitted seismic signal, receiving seismic signal data from a receiver configured to transform seismic signals into seismic signal data, and storing the seismic signal data on a storage system. The method also includes determining a time span for the seismic signal data and generating a reduced data set based on the seismic signal data, the signal table, and the time span.

Abstract: A system and method for performing seismic exploration with multiple acquisition systems is disclosed. The method includes configuring a first seismic source located outside of an exclusion zone and configuring a second seismic source located inside of the exclusion zone. The method further includes obtaining a first seismic dataset corresponding to a first seismic signal emitted by the first seismic source and obtaining a second seismic dataset corresponding to a second seismic signal emitted by the second seismic source. The method further includes combining the first and second datasets to create a complete dataset covering a survey area and creating a seismic image of a subsurface of the survey area.

Abstract: Systems and methods for deghosting seismic data using migration of sparse arrays are disclosed. The methods may include obtaining input seismic data, the input seismic data including a first set of seismic data recorded by a first set of seismic receivers located at a first depth, and a second set of seismic data recorded by a second set of seismic receivers located at a second depth. The method may further include migrating the first set of seismic data to an image grid, and migrating the second set of seismic data to the image grid. Additionally, the method may further include calculating a ghost wave based on the first and second sets of migrated seismic data, and deghosting the first set of migrated seismic data by removing the ghost wave.

Abstract: The disclosed method includes receiving resulting signals emanating from a subterranean formation, wherein the resulting signals are caused by signals emitted from seismic sources. The method further includes dividing the resulting signals into a plurality of sub-samples. The method includes determining a frequency content of one or more of the sub-samples and assigning a weight to or more components of the frequency content of the sub-sample to produce a weighted frequency content of the sub-sample, wherein the assigned weight is based, at least in part, on an estimate of the amount of noise present in the frequency content of the sub-sample. The method further includes combining the weighted frequency contents of the sub-samples to produce a weighted sample. The method further includes determining one or more properties of the subsurface formation based, at least in part, on the weighted sample.

Abstract: A reaction mass seismic survey source that is located in an underground casing. The seismic source includes a non-planar base plate; a reaction mass located on the non-planar base plate; and a flextensional element housed in a recess of the reaction mass and configured to vibrate the non-planar base plate when actuated, to generate seismic waves underground.

Abstract: A modified velocity model different from an initial velocity model is determined for migrating a vintage of 4D seismic data. The modified velocity model minimizes differences between a reference vintage migrated using the initial velocity model and the vintage migrated using the modified velocity model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing seismic migration using an indexed matrix are disclosed. The method includes receiving a seismic trace from a receiver, determining a discretized position of the receiver, and determining a discretized position of a seismic source. The method also includes determining a set of migration indexes based on a matrix, the discretized position of the receiver, and the discretized position of the seismic source, and determining a set of amplitude weights based on the matrix, the discretized position of the receiver, and the discretized position of the seismic source. The method further includes migrating the seismic trace based on the set of migration indexes and the set of amplitude weights.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a sea-floor seismic source are provided. The seismic source system includes a housing (102) having an internal cavity (104). The housing is configured to be coupled to a surface by gravity. The system further includes a coupling plate (106) fixed to a base (108) of the internal cavity. The coupling plate is configured to transmit energy through the base of the internal cavity and into the surface. The system also includes an excitation source (110) located in the internal cavity. The excitation source is configured to receive an input signal from a computing system communicatively coupled to the excitation source, and transmit energy to a reactive mass (112) located in the internal cavity and transmit energy to the coupling plate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wireless data acquisition in seismic monitoring systems are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a signal table for an emitted seismic signal, receiving seismic signal data from a receiver configured to transform seismic signals into seismic signal data, and storing the seismic signal data on a storage system. The method also includes determining a time span for the seismic signal data and generating a reduced data set based on the seismic signal data, the signal table, and the time span.

Abstract: The disclosed method includes receiving resulting signals emanating from a subterranean formation, wherein the resulting signals are caused by signals emitted from seismic sources. The method further includes dividing the resulting signals into a plurality of sub-samples. The method includes determining a frequency content of one or more of the sub-samples and assigning a weight to or more components of the frequency content of the sub-sample to produce a weighted frequency content of the sub-sample, wherein the assigned weight is based, at least in part, on an estimate of the amount of noise present in the frequency content of the sub-sample. The method further includes combining the weighted frequency contents of the sub-samples to produce a weighted sample. The method further includes determining one or more properties of the subsurface formation based, at least in part, on the weighted sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for combining controlled and uncontrolled seismic data. The method includes accessing one or more controlled signals, each controlled signal associated with a respective receiver of a plurality of receivers. The method also includes accessing one or more uncontrolled signals, each uncontrolled signal associated with a respective receiver of the plurality of receivers. The method also includes generating one or more reconstructed signals based on the one or more uncontrolled signals. The method also includes generating a composite image based at least on the one or more controlled signals and the one or more reconstructed signals. The present disclosure may also include associated systems and apparatuses.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for reducing noise in seismic data using a frequency dependent calendar filter. The method for reducing noise in input seismic trace data includes obtaining a plurality of input seismic trace data, the plurality of input seismic trace data including a plurality of controlled signals and a plurality of uncontrolled signals, identifying a frequency content of the plurality of uncontrolled signals, and selecting a frequency dependent calendar filter based on the frequency content of the plurality of uncontrolled signals. The method further includes applying the frequency dependent calendar filter to the plurality of input seismic data to generate a plurality of output noise-reduced seismic traces. The present disclosure also includes associated systems and apparatuses.

Abstract: A system and method for correcting data after component replacement in continuous seismic exploration disclosed. The method includes calculating a first matching operator after a first component is replaced with a second component. The first matching operator is based on a first seismic trace recorded before replacement of the first component and a second seismic trace recorded after replacement of the first component. The method further includes correcting the second seismic trace by applying the first matching operator to the second seismic trace.

Abstract: A system for collecting seismic data includes plural seismic sensors. The seismic sensors are buried underground. In one application, a first set of seismic sensors are buried at a first depth and a second set of seismic sensors are buried at a second depth. In another application, the sensors alternate along a line, one sensor from the first set and a next sensor from a second set. In still another application, the sensors are randomly distributed below the ground.

Abstract: A system and method for performing seismic exploration with multiple acquisition systems is disclosed. The method includes configuring a first seismic source located outside of an exclusion zone and configuring a second seismic source located inside of the exclusion zone. The method further includes obtaining a first seismic dataset corresponding to a first seismic signal emitted by the first seismic source and obtaining a second seismic dataset corresponding to a second seismic signal emitted by the second seismic source. The method further includes combining the first and second datasets to create a complete dataset covering a survey area and creating a seismic image of a subsurface of the survey area.

Abstract: A seismic survey system for surveying a subsurface. The system includes a volumetric land source buried underground for generating P-waves; a non-volumetric land source buried underground for generating P- and S-waves; plural receivers distributed about the volumetric and non-volumetric land sources and configured to record seismic signals corresponding to the P- and S-waves; and a controller connected to the volumetric land source and the non-volumetric land source and configured to shot them in a given pattern.

Abstract: A system for collecting seismic data includes plural seismic sensors. The seismic sensors are buried underground. In one application, a first set of seismic sensors are buried at a first depth and a second set of seismic sensors are buried at a second depth. In another application, the sensors alternate along a line, one sensor from the first set and a next sensor from a second set. In still another application, the sensors are randomly distributed below the ground.