Abstract: The disclosure provides phosphorylated carbohydrate replacement therapies (CRT) that include compositions of phosphorylated carbohydrates and phospholipids, as well as methods for preparing such compositions. Such compositions are suitable for pharmaceutical delivery of phosphorylated carbohydrates to cell interior, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi, and can be used for treating CDG type I and CDG type II diseases as well as other metabolic disorders.

Abstract: A security system and method that incorporates key management as well as provides privacy for its users. The security system and method removes all incentives for surveilling user communications in the search for personally identifiable information and usage patterns. This goal is achieved by ensuring that a snooper cannot make a distinction between two different users just by observing their communication. The system removes all personally identifiable information from open communication. The security system and method functions to anonymize data communications in relation to the user and the system.

Abstract: A method for authenticating and logging-in a first user of a communication system to a second user is performed using hashing operations in such a manner that the first user's unique identifier is not stored on the first user's computer, and the second user's computer does not store information which allows a hacker gaining access thereto to assume the identity of the first user.

Abstract: A method for authenticating and logging-in a first user of a communication system to a second user is performed using hashing operations in such a manner that the first user's unique identifier is not stored on the first user's computer, and the second user's computer does not store information which allows a hacker gaining access thereto to assume the identity of the first user.