Abstract: The invention relates to a mixer for an exhaust gas system for mixing an additive into an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine, having a first shell and at least a second shell which are arranged successively in the circumferential direction in relation to a center axis, each shell having at least two shell edges that are arranged offset in the circumferential direction and which each form a flow edge, wherein the flow edges of two circumferentially adjacent shell edges of two different shells delimit an inflow opening, such that at least one pipe end arranged coaxially with the center axis is provided with a circumferential pipe profile that has a nominal radius Rn and is used for connection to an exhaust pipe, the pipe end being formed by the circumferentially adjacent shells.

Abstract: A photonic processor uses light signals and a residue number system (RNS) to perform calculations. The processor sums two or more values by shifting the phase of a light signal with phase shifters and reading out the summed phase with a coherent detector. Because phase winds back every 2? radians, the photonic processor performs addition modulo 2?. A photonic processor may use the summation of phases to perform dot products and correct erroneous residues. A photonic processor may use the RNS in combination with a positional number system (PNS) to extend the numerical range of the photonic processor, which may be used to accelerate homomorphic encryption (HE)-based deep learning.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixing device (1) for integration into an exhaust pipe (4.1, 4.2) of an internal combustion engine and for mixing an exhaust gas stream (T), which device is formed from a housing (2) having a tubular wall (2.1) and a mid-axis (2.2) that can be aligned parallel to the exhaust pipe (4.1, 4.2) and from an intermediate wall (3) which is aligned transversely with respect to the mid-axis (2.2), wherein the intermediate wall (3) divides the housing (2) and has an inflow side (3.1) and an outflow side (3.2), wherein at least one inflow opening (E1) is provided in the intermediate wall (3), via which the exhaust gas stream (T) can at least partly flow from the inflow side (3.1) of the intermediate wall (3) to the opposite outflow side (3.2) of the intermediate wall (3), wherein the at least one inflow opening (E1) is placed eccentrically with respect to the mid-axis (2.2) and is brought close to a wall section (W1) of the tubular wall (2.

Abstract: A mixer arrangement for an exhaust gas system, having an inlet opening through which an exhaust gas mass flow (A) can be guided, and a mixer for swirling the exhaust gas, which has at least one inflow opening that is fluidically connected to the inlet opening, wherein at least one first portion (A1) of the exhaust gas mass flow (A) can be guided through the mixer via the at least one inflow opening, an injection device by means of which an additive can be injected, and a bypass having at least one throughflow opening which is fluidically connected to the inlet opening and through which a second portion (A2) of the exhaust gas mass flow (A) can be guided past the mixer, there being provided at least one regulating body by means of which a flow cross-section Q in the mixer arrangement can be varied such that a ratio V with (formula I) can be varied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixer for an exhaust gas system for mixing an additive into an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine, having a first shell and at least a second shell which are arranged successively in the circumferential direction in relation to a center axis, each shell having at least two shell edges that are arranged offset in the circumferential direction and which each form a flow edge, wherein the flow edges of two circumferentially adjacent shell edges of two different shells delimit an inflow opening, such that at least one pipe end arranged coaxially with the center axis is provided with a circumferential pipe profile that has a nominal radius Rn and is used for connection to an exhaust pipe, the pipe end being formed by the circumferentially adjacent shells.

Abstract: A mixer comprises a tubular housing defining a longitudinal axis along which exhaust gas flows. Injected reductant flows along an injection axis that extends at a non-parallel angle to the longitudinal axis. A first flow guide element extends across and blocks a portion of the tubular housing and includes a first aperture extending therethrough. The first flow guide element is positioned upstream from the reductant inlet such that exhaust gas flowing through the first aperture is impinged by the reductant. A second flow guide element is positioned downstream from the first flow guide element and fixed to the first flow guide element to define a mixing chamber in which injected reductant and exhaust gas mix. An intermediate wall is integrally formed with one of the first and second flow guide elements. The other of the first and second flow guide elements is fixed to the intermediate wall.

Abstract: A mixer arrangement for an exhaust gas system, having an inlet opening through which an exhaust gas mass flow (A) can be guided, and a mixer for swirling the exhaust gas, which has at least one inflow opening that is fluidically connected to the inlet opening, wherein at least one first portion (A1) of the exhaust gas mass flow (A) can be guided through the mixer via the at least one inflow opening, an injection device by means of which an additive can be injected, and a bypass having at least one throughflow opening which is fluidically connected to the inlet opening and through which a second portion (A2) of the exhaust gas mass flow (A) can be guided past the mixer, there being provided at least one regulating body by means of which a flow cross-section Q in the mixer arrangement can be varied such that a ratio V with (formula I) can be varied.

Abstract: A mixer comprises a tubular housing defining a longitudinal axis along which exhaust gas flows. Injected reductant flows along an injection axis that extends at a non-parallel angle to the longitudinal axis. A first flow guide element extends across and blocks a portion of the tubular housing and includes a first aperture extending therethrough. The first flow guide element is positioned upstream from the reductant inlet such that exhaust gas flowing through the first aperture is impinged by the reductant. A second flow guide element is positioned downstream from the first flow guide element and fixed to the first flow guide element to define a mixing chamber in which injected reductant and exhaust gas mix. An intermediate wall is integrally formed with one of the first and second flow guide elements. The other of the first and second flow guide elements is fixed to the intermediate wall.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment assembly for receiving exhaust gas from a motor vehicle includes a mix pipe, a sheath, and a heater. The mix pipe at least partially defines a passage adapted to receive the exhaust gas and a chemical reductant. The sheath includes a first end fluidly sealed to the mix pipe. At least a portion of the sheath is radially spaced apart from the mix pipe to at least partially define a gap. The heater is disposed in the gap. The heater is adapted to heat a reductant impingement surface.

Abstract: A mixer assembly for mixing an injected reductant with an exhaust gas comprises a tubular housing including a reductant inlet, an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. The reductant inlet is positioned on a first side of the tubular housing and oriented to direct injected reductant along an injection access that extends transversely to a longitudinal axis. A first flow guide element is shaped as a sheet including a first aperture extending therethrough as well as a surface facing upstream. Exhaust gas flowing through the first aperture is impinged by the injected redundant. A second flow guide element is shaped as a sheet, positioned downstream from the first flow guide element and fixed to the first flow guide element to define a mixing chamber between the first flow guide element and the second flow guide element in which the injected redundant and the exhaust gas mix.

Abstract: A photonic processor uses light signals and a residue number system (RNS) to perform calculations. The processor sums two or more values by shifting the phase of a light signal with phase shifters and reading out the summed phase with a coherent detector. Because phase winds back every 2? radians, the photonic processor performs addition modulo 2?. A photonic processor may use the summation of phases to perform dot products and correct erroneous residues. A photonic processor may use the RNS in combination with a positional number system (PNS) to extend the numerical range of the photonic processor, which may be used to accelerate homomorphic encryption (HE)-based deep learning.

Abstract: Multi-electrode ablation systems, methods, and controllers are described. In one example, a method of beginning an ablation procedure using a multi-electrode ablation system is described. The method includes selectively coupling the output of a power supply to a first electrode of a plurality of electrodes to increase a temperature at the first electrode to a first temperature set-point and limit a rate of increase of the temperature at the first electrode to a predetermined first rate.

Abstract: A mixer assembly for mixing an injected reductant with an exhaust gas comprises a tubular housing including a reductant inlet, an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. The reductant inlet is positioned on a first side of the tubular housing and oriented to direct injected reductant along an injection access that extends transversely to a longitudinal axis. A first flow guide element is shaped as a sheet including a first aperture extending therethrough as well as a surface facing upstream. Exhaust gas flowing through the first aperture is impinged by the injected redundant. A second flow guide element is shaped as a sheet, positioned downstream from the first flow guide element and fixed to the first flow guide element to define a mixing chamber between the first flow guide element and the second flow guide element in which the injected redundant and the exhaust gas mix.

Abstract: Multi-electrode ablation systems, methods, and controllers are described. In one example, a method of beginning an ablation procedure using a multi-electrode ablation system is described. The method includes selectively coupling the output of a power supply to a first electrode of a plurality of electrodes to increase a temperature at the first electrode to a first temperature set-point and limit a rate of increase of the temperature at the first electrode to a predetermined first rate.

Abstract: A mixer assembly comprises a tubular housing including a reductant inlet, an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. The tubular housing defines a longitudinal axis along which exhaust enters the housing. The reductant inlet is positioned on a first side of the tubular housing. An upstream element covers approximately one-half of the cross sectional area of the enhaust gas inlet and is positioned upstream of the reductant inlet. An upstream surface of the upstream mixing element directs exhaust gas flow transversly toward the reductant inlet. A downstream mixing element along with the upstream mixing element at least partially defines a reductant receiving duct in which injected reductant and exhaust gas mix.

Abstract: Multi-electrode ablation systems, methods, and controllers are described. In one example, a multi-electrode ablation system includes a power supply configured to be coupled to a plurality of electrodes and a controller coupled to the power supply. The controller is configured to determine a thermal gain of each electrode of the plurality of electrodes. For each electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the controller sets a power limit based at least in part on said electrode's determined thermal gain. The power limit establishes a maximum power that may be dissipated through said electrode.

Abstract: A mixer assembly for mixing an injected reductant with an exhaust gas output from a combustion engine comprises a mixer housing including a wall defining an exhaust passageway having a longitudinal axis. A tubular swirling device housing extends along a first axis substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis. The tubular swirling device includes a plurality of openings through which exhaust gas enters. The exhaust gas within the tubular swirling device swirls about the first axis and exits at an outlet end of the tubular swirling device. A mixing plate is positioned immediately downstream of the tubular swirling device. The mixing plate swirls the exhaust about a second axis extending parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The disclosure refers to a static mixer for use in an exhaust system for a combustion engine and for the mixing of an additive injected into an exhaust system. The mixer consists of a tubular housing encircling a central axis X. The housing comprises an input opening at the end in the direction of central axis X and at the opposite end an outlet opening, whereby the inlet opening is used for the supply of additive injected into the exhaust system. The housing is closed in the section of the inlet opening and in the section of the outlet opening in circumferential direction around the central axis X. The static mixer is designed to generate little counterpressure, to guarantee rapid and complete reducing agent preparation and at the same time to be resistant to production tolerances.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system may include a reductant tank, a gaseous ammonia source, an injector, first conduit and a second conduit. The injector may receive the liquid reductant from the reductant tank and the gaseous ammonia from the gaseous ammonia source and inject the liquid reductant into a stream of exhaust gas in a first mode, inject the gaseous ammonia into the stream of exhaust gas in a second mode, and both the liquid reductant and the gaseous ammonia into the stream of exhaust gas in a third mode. The first conduit may communicate liquid reductant from the reductant tank to the injector. The second conduit may communicate gaseous ammonia from the gaseous ammonia source to the injector.

Abstract: A mixing system for an exhaust system includes a first mixing device having a plurality of first auger blades and an inlet having a first cross-sectional area. A second mixing device is separate and downstream from the first mixing device and includes a second auger blade. The second mixing device includes an inlet having a second cross-sectional area greater than the first cross-sectional area. A flow path longitudinal centerline of the first mixing device extends at an angle to a flow path longitudinal centerline of the second mixing device. A flow path longitudinal centerline of the first mixing device intersects the second auger blade. The first mixing device is disposed within a first portion of an exhaust pipe and the second mixing device is disposed in a second portion of the exhaust pipe. The second portion has a larger cross-sectional area than the first portion.