Abstract: Apparatus for applying to the neck of a bagged package a closure comprising stiff resilient sheet plastics material having therein a bag-neck retaining aperture communicating with an edge of the closure by means of a narrow slit, which apparatus comprises means for gathering and holding the neck of the bagged package, means for locating the closure with the slit aligned with the gathered neck, and means for effecting relative movement between the gathered neck and the closure such as to force the gathered neck through the slit and into the aperture. The holding means is a stop member which prevents advance of the bag neck until a sensor detects passage of the trailing end of the bag neck, whereupon the stop member is released and a claw advances the gathered bag neck into the closure.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improving the uniformity of a tire and wheel assembly. The apparatus comrises a frame rotatable through four stations, and displaceable grinding and driving apparatus provided at two of the staions to drive the tire against a rotation grinding wheel, the direction of rotation of the tire and/or grinding wheel being reversed relative to the direction(s) at the previous station.