Abstract: A threaded fastener system including a female threaded part and a male threaded dual driven fastener. The dual driven fastener has a shaft having a longitudinal axis, a portion of the shaft having a male threaded feature that engages the female threaded part. The male threaded feature having a major thread diameter and a minor thread diameter. There is a first driving feature at a first end of the shaft that is larger than the major thread diameter relative to the longitudinal axis and a second driving feature at a second end of the shaft that is equal to or smaller than the minor thread diameter. The driving features allow torquing of the dual driven fastener from either end.

Abstract: Provided herein, is a valve stem seal assembly having an elastomeric sealing element, a symmetrical retainer and a valve guide. The retainer has first portion, a second portion, a continuous stop formed between the first portion and the second portion, an inner surface and an outer surface. The valve guide has a top surface in contact with the elastomeric sealing element and a side surface in contact with the inner surface of the second portion of the retainer. The stop of the retainer projects radially inward and the retainer is symmetrical.

Abstract: Provided herein, is a valve stem seal assembly having an elastomeric sealing element, a symmetrical retainer and a valve guide. The retainer has first portion, a second portion, a continuous stop formed between the first portion and the second portion, an inner surface and an outer surface. The valve guide has a top surface in contact with the elastomeric sealing element and a side surface in contact with the inner surface of the second portion of the retainer. The stop of the retainer projects radially inward and the retainer is symmetrical.

Abstract: A valve stem seal having an annular valve body with an upper surface, a lower surface, and defining an aperture is disclosed. The valve body is positioned for selective sealing engagement with a valve stem. At least one orifice is disposed on an inner surface of the annular valve body between the annular valve body and the valve stem. The orifice controls the rate of oil flow between the annular valve body and the valve stem.

Abstract: An improved integral valve seal body suitable for an internal combustion engine and a method for making the valve seal body is disclosed. The valve seal body is comprised of a valve seal retainer including a cylindrical body and a metal spring seat. The valve seal retainer defines an inner cylindrical passageway and includes a radially extending flange. The metal spring seat, which may be comprised of a corrugated metal washer, is substantially or entirely encapsulated within the radially extending flange of the valve seal retainer body.