Abstract: In one embodiment, an article of manufacture has microphones mounted at different locations on a non-spheroidal device body and a signal-processing system that processes the microphone signals to generate a B Format audio output having a zeroth-order beampattern signal and three first-order beampattern signals in three orthogonal directions. The signal-processing system generates at least one of the first-order beampattern signals based on effects of the device body on an incoming acoustic signal. The microphone signals used to generate each first-order beampattern signal have an inter-microphone effective distance that is less than a wavelength at a specified high-frequency value (e.g., <4 cm for 8 kHz). In preferred embodiments, the inter-microphone effective distance is less than one-half of that wavelength (e.g., <2 cm for 8 kHz).

Abstract: In one embodiment, an article of manufacture has microphones mounted at different locations on a non-spheroidal device body and a signal-processing system that processes the microphone signals to generate a B Format audio output having a zeroth-order beampattern signal and three first-order beampattern signals in three orthogonal directions. The signal-processing system generates at least one of the first-order beampattern signals based on effects of the device body on an incoming acoustic signal. The microphone signals used to generate each first-order beampattern signal have an inter-microphone effective distance that is less than a wavelength at a specified high-frequency value (e.g., <4 cm for 8 kHz). In preferred embodiments, the inter-microphone effective distance is less than one-half of that wavelength (e.g., <2 cm for 8 kHz).

Abstract: In one embodiment, an article of manufacture has microphones mounted at different locations on a non-spheroidal device body and a signal-processing system that processes the microphone signals to generate a B Format audio output having a zeroth-order beampattern signal and three first-order beampattern signals in three orthogonal directions. The signal-processing system generates at least one of the first-order beampattern signals based on effects of the device body on an incoming acoustic signal. The microphone signals used to generate each first-order beampattern signal have an inter-microphone effective distance that is less than a wavelength at a specified high-frequency value (e.g., <4 cm for 8 kHz). In preferred embodiments, the inter-microphone effective distance is less than one-half of that wavelength (e.g., <2 cm for 8 kHz).

Abstract: In one embodiment, an article of manufacture has microphones mounted at different locations on a non-spheroidal device body and a signal-processing system that processes the microphone signals to generate a B Format audio output having a zeroth-order beampattern signal and three first-order beampattern signals in three orthogonal directions. The signal-processing system generates at least one of the first-order beampattern signals based on effects of the device body on an incoming acoustic signal. The microphone signals used to generate each first-order beampattern signal have an inter-microphone effective distance that is less than a wavelength at a specified high-frequency value (e.g., <4 cm for 8 kHz). In preferred embodiments, the inter-microphone effective distance is less than one-half of that wavelength (e.g., <2 cm for 8 kHz).

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an article of manufacture, such as a cell phone, has a device body with a non-spheroidal shape, such as a parallelepiped, and microphones configured at different locations on the device body. A signal processing system processes the microphone signals to generate a plurality of different output beampatterns in at least two non-parallel directions, wherein, in generating at least one of the output beampatterns, the signal processing system takes into account effects of the device body on the incoming acoustic signal. Four or more microphones can be used to generate B format output beampatterns, such as three dipole beampatterns and an omnidirectional beampattern.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an audio processing system reduces reverberation in an audio signal. A first beamformer generates a first, directional beampattern, and a second beamformer generates a second beampattern. A signal-processing subsystem (i) processes the first and second beampatterns to generate suppression factors corresponding to the reverberation and (ii) applies the suppression factors to one of the first and second beampatterns to reduce the reverberation in the beampattern. In one implementation, the beampatterns are crossed-beam beampatterns, and the signal-processing subsystem generates the suppression factors based on coherence estimates for the beampatterns. In another implementation, the beampatterns are disjoint beampatterns, and the signal-processing subsystem generates the suppression factors based on short-time and long-time envelope estimates for the beampatterns.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an audio processing system reduces reverberation in an audio signal. A first beamformer generates a first, directional beampattern, and a second beamformer generates a second beampattern. A signal-processing subsystem (i) processes the first and second beampatterns to generate suppression factors corresponding to the reverberation and (ii) applies the suppression factors to one of the first and second beampatterns to reduce the reverberation in the beampattern. In one implementation, the beampatterns are crossed-beam beampatterns, and the signal-processing subsystem generates the suppression factors based on coherence estimates for the beampatterns. In another implementation, the beampatterns are disjoint beampatterns, and the signal-processing subsystem generates the suppression factors based on short-time and long-time envelope estimates for the beampatterns.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an article of manufacture, such as a cell phone, has a device body with a non-spheroidal shape, such as a parallelepiped, and microphones configured at different locations on the device body. A signal processing system processes the microphone signals to generate a plurality of different output beampatterns in at least two non-parallel directions, wherein, in generating at least one of the output beampatterns, the signal processing system takes into account effects of the device body on the incoming acoustic signal. Four or more microphones can be used to generate B format output beampatterns, such as three dipole beampatterns and an omnidirectional beampattern.

Abstract: In an audio system having acoustic echo, incoming audio signals are decorrelated by applying both phase modulation and amplitude modulation. The resulting decorrelated signals are rendered by loudspeakers, and co-located microphones generate outgoing audio signals that include echo signals caused by the existence of acoustic echo paths from the loudspeakers to the microphones. Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) is applied to the outgoing audio signals to reduce the amount of echo in those signals. Decorrelating the incoming audios signals using amplitude modulation in addition to phase modulation can increase the effectiveness of the AEC processing. In a frequency-domain implementation, the amount of amplitude modulation can be different for different frequency bands (e.g., greater amplitude modulation for lower frequencies corresponding to human speech and/or no amplitude modulation for higher frequencies).

Abstract: Accessories for a telephone include at least one earphone and at least one microphone array having multiple microphones used to generate outgoing audio signals for (i) processing by a signal processor and (ii) transmission by the telephone. In one embodiment, two earphones are connected by two corresponding wires, and two microphone arrays, respectively connected to the two wires, are mechanically and electronically configurable in a plurality of use modes to generate outgoing audio signals for processing by the signal processor. The use modes include one or more and possibly all of a single-sided mode, a two-sided mode, an enhanced directivity mode, a stereo recording mode, a multichannel recording mode, a conference mode, and a two-dimensional-array mode, where one of the use modes is automatically detected by the signal processor based on the audio signals generated by the two microphone arrays.

Abstract: Accessories for a telephone include at least one earphone and at least one microphone array having multiple microphones used to generate outgoing audio signals for (i) processing by a signal processor and (ii) transmission by the telephone. In one embodiment, two earphones are connected by two corresponding wires, and two microphone arrays, respectively connected to the two wires, are mechanically and electronically configurable in a plurality of use modes to generate outgoing audio signals for processing by the signal processor. The use modes include one or more and possibly all of a single-sided mode, a two-sided mode, an enhanced directivity mode, a stereo recording mode, a multichannel recording mode, a conference mode, and a two-dimensional-array mode, where one of the use modes is automatically detected by the signal processor based on the audio signals generated by the two microphone arrays.

Abstract: In an audio system having acoustic echo, incoming audio signals are decorrelated by applying both phase modulation and amplitude modulation. The resulting decorrelated signals are rendered by loudspeakers, and co-located microphones generate outgoing audio signals that include echo signals caused by the existence of acoustic echo paths from the loudspeakers to the microphones. Acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) is applied to the outgoing audio signals to reduce the amount of echo in those signals. Decorrelating the incoming audios signals using amplitude modulation in addition to phase modulation can increase the effectiveness of the AEC processing. In a frequency-domain implementation, the amount of amplitude modulation can be different for different frequency bands (e.g., greater amplitude modulation for lower frequencies corresponding to human speech and/or no amplitude modulation for higher frequencies).

Abstract: Near-end equipment for a communication channel with far-end equipment. The near-end equipment includes at least one loudspeaker, at least two microphones, a beamformer, and an echo canceller. The communication channel may be in one of a number of communication states including Near-End Only state, Far-End Only state, and Double-Talk state. In one embodiment, when the echo canceller determines that the communication channel is in either the Far-End Only state or the Double-Talk state, the beamformer is configured to generate a nearfield beampattern signal that directs a null towards a loudspeaker. When the echo canceller detects the Near-End Only state, the beamformer is configured to generate a farfield beampattern signal that optimizes reception of acoustic signals from the near-end audio source. Using different beamformer processing for different communication states allows echo cancellation processing to be more successful at reducing echo in the signal transmitted to the far-end equipment.

Abstract: Near-end equipment for a communication channel with far-end equipment. The near-end equipment includes at least one loudspeaker, at least two microphones, a beamformer, and an echo canceller. The communication channel may be in one of a number of communication states including Near-End Only state, Far-End Only state, and Double-Talk state. In one embodiment, when the echo canceller determines that the communication channel is in either the Far-End Only state or the Double-Talk state, the beamformer is configured to generate a nearfield beampattern signal that directs a null towards a loudspeaker. When the echo canceller detects the Near-End Only state, the beamformer is configured to generate a farfield beampattern signal that optimizes reception of acoustic signals from the near-end audio source. Using different beamformer processing for different communication states allows echo cancellation processing to be more successful at reducing echo in the signal transmitted to the far-end equipment.

Abstract: The present invention is a desktop speakerphone having a base-station and a detachable microphone pod. The base-station includes standard telephone components, as well as a wireless receiver and a housing for a detachable microphone pod. The detachable pod contains at least one microphone and a wireless transmitter. When the pod is attached to the base-station, and the conference mode of operation is activated, the pod microphone's audio signal goes directly to base-station audio circuitry via a wired connection. When the pod is detached and the conference mode activated, the pod microphone's audio signal now goes via the pod's wireless transmitter to the base-station's wireless receiver. This detached, wireless mode allows the microphone to be positioned anywhere in the room, thereby improving the quality of transmitted speech by increasing the speech-signal-to-room-noise ratio, and lessening the potential for room echo by reducing the acoustic coupling between base-station loudspeaker and pod microphone.

Abstract: A network condition capture and reproduction technique captures measurement data characterizing network conditions at a given time between first and second endpoint devices of a network, and utilizes the captured measurement data in a network impairment device to reproduce the network conditions at a later time and possibly in a different place.

Abstract: A method of controlling teleconference signals includes receiving, at a teleconference bridge, endpoint-generated audio signals from each of a plurality of participating endpoints arranged at a plurality of locations. At least two of the participating endpoints are acoustically collocated at one of the locations. A bridge-generated audio signal is generated for each of the participating endpoints based on a set of signals. The set of signals includes all of the endpoint-generated signals received at the teleconference bridge, exclusive of the endpoint-generated signals transmitted to the bridge from each of the acoustically collocated endpoints.

Abstract: A network condition capture and reproduction technique captures measurement data characterizing network conditions at a given time between first and second endpoint devices of a network, and utilizes the captured measurement data in a network impairment device to reproduce the network conditions at a later time and possibly in a different place.

Abstract: A method of controlling teleconference signals includes receiving, at a teleconference bridge, endpoint-generated audio signals from each of a plurality of participating endpoints arranged at a plurality of locations. At least two of the participating endpoints are acoustically collocated at one of the locations. A bridge-generated audio signal is generated for each of the participating endpoints based on a set of signals. The set of signals includes all of the endpoint-generated signals received at the teleconference bridge, exclusive of the endpoint-generated signals transmitted to the bridge from each of the acoustically collocated endpoints.

Abstract: A method for controlling audio characteristics of communications with another party includes initiating communications between a first communication device of a user and a second communication device and determining, at the first communication device, audio characteristics associated with one of the second communication device or a name of a contact associated with the second communication device. The associated audio characteristics are then used by the first communication device for communications between the first communication device and the second communication device.