Abstract: A method for manufacturing a freestanding film having at least one population of through holes cumulatively totaling at least 1% of the film area, wherein the standard deviation of hole diameters is less than 25% and a thickness less than 25 micrometers, The film provides a carrier substrate, a photo-curable material, a release agent and deposits a photo-curable material on the substrate, selectively curing the material and leaving uncured material in the pattern of holes, dissolving away the uncured material and removing the cured material from the carrier substrate. Methods and apparatus are described.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a freestanding film having at least one population of through holes cumulatively totaling at least 1% of the film area, wherein the standard deviation of hole diameters is less than 25% and a thickness less than 25 micrometers, The film provides a carrier substrate, a photo-curable material, a release agent and deposits a photo-curable material on the substrate, selectively curing the material and leaving uncured material in the pattern of holes, dissolving away the uncured material and removing the cured material from the carrier substrate. Methods and apparatus are described.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a freestanding film having at least one population of through holes cumulatively totaling at least 1% of the film area, wherein the standard deviation of hole diameters is less than 25% and a thickness less than 25 micrometers, The film provides a carrier substrate, a photo-curable material, a release agent and deposits a photo-curable material on the substrate, selectively curing the material and leaving uncured material in the pattern of holes, dissolving away the uncured material and removing the cured material from the carrier. Methods and apparatus are described.

Abstract: Electrowetting and electrofluidic devices and methods. The device includes a hydrophobic channel formed between first and second substrates and a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid contained in the channel. An electrode with a dielectric layer is electrically connected to a voltage source. A Laplace barrier within the hydrophobic channel defines a fluid pathway that is open to the movement of the polar fluid within the channel. The polar fluid moves to a first position when the voltage source is biased at a first voltage that is less than or equal to a threshold voltage. The polar fluid moves to a second position when the voltage source is biased with a second voltage that is greater than the first voltage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a freestanding film having at least one population of through holes cumulatively totaling at least 1% of the film area, wherein the standard deviation of hole diameters is less than 25% and a thickness less than 25 micrometers, The film provides a carrier substrate, a photo-curable material, a release agent and deposits a photo-curable material on the substrate, selectively curing the material and leaving uncured material in the pattern of holes, dissolving away the uncured material and removing the cured material from the carrier. Methods and apparatus are described.

Abstract: Electrofluidic and electrowetting display pixels, electrofluidic and electrowetting displays, and methods of operating electrofluidic and electrowetting display pixels. The pixel includes a hydrophobic channel formed between first and second substrates and containing a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid, of which at least one is visible through at least one substrate. An electrode with a dielectric is electrically connected to a voltage source. A Laplace barrier defines a fluid pathway for fluid movement in the channel. The polar fluid moves a first position when the voltage source is biased at a first voltage of less than or equal to a threshold voltage to provide a first display state. The polar fluid moves to a second position when the voltage source is biased with a second voltage, greater than the first voltage, to provide a second display state.

Abstract: Electrowetting and electrofluidic devices and methods. The device includes a hydrophobic channel formed between first and second substrates and a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid contained in the channel. An electrode with a dielectric layer is electrically connected to a voltage source. A Laplace barrier within the hydrophobic channel defines a fluid pathway that is open to the movement of the polar fluid within the channel. The polar fluid moves to a first position when the voltage source is biased at a first voltage that is less than or equal to a threshold voltage. The polar fluid moves to a second position when the voltage source is biased with a second voltage that is greater than the first voltage.

Abstract: Electrofluidic and electrowetting display pixels, electrofluidic and electrowetting displays, and methods of operating electrofluidic and electrowetting display pixels. The pixel includes a hydrophobic channel formed between first and second substrates and containing a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid, of which at least one is visible through at least one substrate. An electrode with a dielectric is electrically connected to a voltage source. A Laplace barrier defines a fluid pathway for fluid movement in the channel. The polar fluid moves a first position when the voltage source is biased at a first voltage of less than or equal to a threshold voltage to provide a first display state. The polar fluid moves to a second position when the voltage source is biased with a second voltage, greater than the first voltage, to provide a second display state.