Abstract: A rigid or flexible substrate (1) is comprised of one or several successive thin material layers (2, 9). The first thin material layer (9) is coated onto the substrate (1) and the other layers (2) are applied successively onto the first layer (9). Each thin layer has discontinuous prominent parts arranged in relief on the substrate (1). The thin layer (2, 9) can be electricity conducting. The finished product may be used for display screens or electronic circuits.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring diffuse optical transmission density of a photographic films sample uses two integrating spheres and a diffuse light source. Light from the light source is transmitted through a first light modulation system into the first integrating sphere. Light from the first integrating sphere is transmitted through a second light modulation system into the second integrating sphere. A fixed monochromator receives light at an exit port of the second integrating sphere. The light modulation systems take the form of adjustable diaphragms which allow for the modulation of the uniform radiance area located between the two integrating spheres and maintains the geometric and spectral conditions relating to the illumination of the sample located at the output port of the second integrating sphere.

Abstract: The device according to the invention concerns a device for measuring the spatial characteristics of a light source (2) by means of a light-processing apparatus. The device includes a deformable light guide (4) intended to receive, at one of its ends (4.sub.1), the light passing through a movable optical system (5) for examining the light source (2) and transmitting the light, at the other one of its ends (4.sub.2), to a fixed optical system (8) for gathering and transmitting the light to the processing apparatus (3).