Abstract: Treated, transportable ISO tanks include an interior metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also, a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the same, includes contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a film on the surface; and introducing the friction reducer therein.

Abstract: Methods of separating an emulsion are provided, comprising: (i) contacting the emulsion with an oil-water separation assembly; and (ii) allowing water in the emulsion to permeate through the oil-water separation assembly to yield an aqueous product stream, wherein the oil-water separation assembly comprises a plate, filter, or membrane, which in turn comprises: (a) a porous substrate with a surface having reactive functional groups; (b) a radical polymerization initiator chemically bonded to at least one surface of the porous substrate via reaction with the reactive functional groups on the surface of the porous substrate; and (c) a hydrophilic polymeric coating layer prepared by a radical polymerization process from an aqueous monomer composition comprising at least one free radical polymerizable monomer having at least one hydrophilic functional group. The polymeric coating layer is chemically bonded to and propagated from the polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Separation membranes and filters include (a) a porous substrate with a surface having reactive functional groups; (b) a polymerization initiator chemically bonded to at least one surface of the porous substrate via reaction with the reactive functional groups on the surface of the substrate; and (c) a polymeric coating layer prepared by a radical polymerization process from an aqueous monomer composition comprising at least one free radical polymerizable monomer having at least one hydrophilic functional group, such as a (meth)acrylamide group. The polymeric coating layer is chemically bonded to and propagated from the polymerization initiator, and the polymeric coating layer demonstrates hydrophilicity, such as a water contact angle less than 10 degrees. Also provided are methods of separating an aqueous fluid stream using the described filters or membranes.

Abstract: Methods for applying a polymeric coating to a substrate are provided comprising: (a) generating reactive functional groups on the polymeric substrate; (b) contacting the substrate with a radical polymerization initiator; (c) allowing the polymerization initiator to be chemically bonded to the substrate by reaction of the polymerization initiator with the reactive functional groups on the substrate; (d) contacting the polymerization initiator that is chemically bonded to the substrate with a monomer composition comprising a free-radical polymerizable monomer having at least one hydrophilic functional group; (e) forming a polymeric coating layer on the substrate via a radical polymerization process; and optionally (f) subjecting the polymeric coating layer on the substrate to conditions to effect curing of reactive functional groups on the polymers of the polymeric coating layer.

Abstract: Coated oil or gas operation components include: (a) a substrate with a surface having reactive functional groups; (b) a polymerization initiator chemically bonded to at least one surface of the substrate via reaction with the reactive functional groups on the surface of the substrate; and (c) a polymeric coating layer that demonstrates hydrophilicity. The polymeric coating layer is prepared by a radical polymerization process from a monomer composition comprising at least one free radical polymerizable monomer having at least one hydrophilic functional group, such as a (meth)acrylamide group. The polymeric coating layer is chemically bonded to and propagated from the polymerization initiator. Also provided are methods of inhibiting fouling of an oil or gas operation component by an organic or inorganic contaminant.

Abstract: A treated measurement devices comprises an interior surface and a fluoropolymer coating layer applied thereto, demonstrating a hexadecane contact angle greater than 50 degrees. Methods of reducing deposition of hydrocarbon contaminants on a surface of a measurement device, comprises: contacting the surface with a coating composition comprising a fluoropolymer; forming a fluoropolymer coating layer demonstrating a hexadecane contact angle greater than 50 degrees on the surface; and contacting a fluid containing the hydrocarbon contaminants with the fluoropolymer coating layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides treated gravel pack screens comprising a metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a contaminant on a metal surface of a gravel pack screen, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and introducing a fluid through the gravel pack screen.

Abstract: Coated electronic components of a circuit assembly are provided, comprising: one or more lead frames, one or more chips, connection wires, a moisture barrier coating layer, and an encapsulating plastic coating layer. The moisture barrier coating layer may be applied to the electronic component with the encapsulating plastic coating layer applied on top of the moisture barrier coating layer, or vice versa; such that only lead frames are exposed. Also provided are electronic components of a circuit assembly, comprising: one or more lead frames, one or more chips, connection wires, one or more leads extending from the coated electronic component, a moisture barrier coating layer, and an encapsulating plastic coating layer. The encapsulating plastic coating layer is applied to the electronic component and the moisture barrier coating layer is applied on top of the entire encapsulating plastic coating layer on all sides, such that only the leads are exposed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of reducing friction on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports a gas, comprising: (a) contacting the surface either directly or through an intermediate organometallic layer with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the following structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative; (b) forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and (c) introducing the gas into the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of increasing oil production, hydraulic fracturing, and carbon sequestration in subterranean formations. Surface treatment compositions used in these methods are also disclosed. The methods comprise: (1) injecting into the well the surface treatment composition with or without a pretreatment; (2) allowing one or more components of the surface treatment composition to chemically bond to a surface of the subterranean formation; and (3) removing oil from the well or from one or more production wells that are in fluid communication with the well. The surface treatment composition comprises (a) a fluid comprising a hydrocarbon liquid, a supercritical fluid, and/or a liquefied gas; and (b) a surface modifying component. The component (b) comprises (i) an organometallic compound and (ii) an organosilane having halogen substituents. In carbon sequestration, the fluid (a) contains carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Surface-treated cutting blades are provided, comprising: (a) a metal cutting blade body; and (b) a self-assembled monolayer formed from an alkoxysilane and/or organophosphonic acid. The surface-treated cutting blades may further comprise one or more layers formed from chrome, tantalum, titanium, an aqueous solution of a metal salt, and/or an organometallic compound, applied between the cutting blade and the self-assembled monolayer. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a contaminant on a surface of metal cutting blade, comprising: (a) contacting the surface either directly or through an intermediate organometallic layer with a fluorinated material in a diluent; (b) forming a film on the surface; and (c) exposing the cutting blade to the contaminant.

Abstract: Electronic circuit packages are provided comprising: (a) at least one metal leadframe having a surface; (b) a surface treatment coating applied to the surface of the at least one metal leadframe to form at least one coated leadframe; and (c) an encapsulating polymeric layer that is molded over portions of the at least one coated leadframe. The surface treatment coating comprises: (1) a single-layer repellency coating applied to the surface of the at least one metal leadframe; or (2) a two-layer repellency coating comprising: (i) a first layer deposited from an aqueous solution of a metal salt, applied to the surface of the at least one metal leadframe; and (ii) a repellency layer applied to the first layer. Also provided are methods of reducing adhesion of mold flash from epoxy mold compound to a metal leadframe surface during manufacture of an electronic circuit package.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of increasing oil production, hydraulic fracturing, and carbon sequestration in subterranean formations. Surface treatment compositions used in these methods are also disclosed. The methods comprise: (1) injecting into the well the surface treatment composition with or without a pretreatment; (2) allowing one or more components of the surface treatment composition to chemically bond to a surface of the subterranean formation; and (3) removing oil from the well or from one or more production wells that are in fluid communication with the well. The surface treatment composition comprises (a) a fluid comprising a hydrocarbon liquid, a supercritical fluid, and/or a liquefied gas; and (b) a surface modifying component. The component (b) comprises (i) an organometallic compound and (ii) an organosilane having halogen substituents. In carbon sequestration, the fluid (a) contains carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Integrated circuit assemblies are provided comprising: (a) a carrier substrate; (b) an electronic circuit component attached to the carrier substrate; (c) an epoxy resin disposed between the electronic circuit component and the carrier substrate or encapsulating the electronic circuit component; and (d) an epoxy barrier applied to the carrier substrate and surrounding the electronic circuit component. The epoxy barrier comprises a polymer having a surface energy less than that of the epoxy resin. Also provided is a method for epoxy resin containment on a substrate comprising: (a) applying the epoxy barrier described above to the substrate around a perimeter within which the epoxy resin is to be applied; and (b) applying the epoxy resin within the perimeter.

Abstract: Coated articles and medical devices are provided comprising a substrate with a surface having reactive functional groups, a polymerization initiator chemically bonded to the substrate via reaction with the reactive functional groups on the surface of the substrate; and a polymeric coating layer having a thickness greater than 10 nanometers and less than 2.5 microns. The polymeric coating layer is prepared from an aqueous monomer composition comprising at least 50 percent by weight of at least one (meth)acrylamide monomer having at least one ionic functional group. The polymeric coating layer is chemically bonded to and propagated from the polymerization initiator, and the polymeric coating layer demonstrates a water contact angle less than 10 degrees. The coated article retains a contact angle of less than 10 degrees after immersion in phosphate buffered aqueous saline solution at 22° C. for a period of 28 days.

Abstract: The present invention provides eductors comprising: a component having a metal surface: and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a metal surface of a component of an eductor, comprising: contacting the surface with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the structure above; forming a film on the metal surface; and introducing the friction reducer into the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides treated gravel pack screens comprising a metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a contaminant on a metal surface of a gravel pack screen, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and introducing a fluid through the gravel pack screen.

Abstract: The present invention provides treated, transportable ISO tanks comprising an interior metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the same, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a film on the surface; and introducing the friction reducer therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of reducing friction on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports a gas, comprising: (a) contacting the surface either directly or through an intermediate organometallic layer with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the following structure: wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, CnH2n+1 or CnF2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative; (b) forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and (c) introducing the gas into the apparatus.

Abstract: Coated medical guidewires are provided comprising: (a) a guidewire substrate comprising stainless steel, surgical steel, nitinol, or CoCrMo alloy; and (b) a cured coating layer applied to the guidewire substrate (a). The cured coating layer is prepared from a curable film-forming composition comprising an aqueous solution of sodium silicate. Also provided are methods of forming coated medical guidewires comprising: (a) cleaning a guidewire substrate; (b) contacting the guidewire substrate with a curable film-forming composition comprising an aqueous solution of sodium silicate to form a coating layer on the guidewire; and (c) subjecting the guidewire substrate and film forming composition to a temperature of at least 120° C. for a time sufficient to effect cure and form a coated medical guidewire.