Abstract: High surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 monoolefins to diolefins are disclosed, comprising the oxides of an alkali metal, vanadium, phosphorus, potassium and tin in combination with a crystalline silica having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Large surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 monoolefins to conjugated dienes are disclosed, comprising the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus, tin and potassium in combination with hydrogen mordenite having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Oxidation catalysts having large surface areas and which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbons to maleic anhydride are disclosed, comprising the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus and tin in combination with hydrogen mordenite having a surface area between 100 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Molybdenum is ion exchanged into a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, replacing metals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium, by contacting the zeolite with an aqueous solution containing molybdenyl cations (i.e., MoO.sub.2.sup.2+) and having a pH below 7.0 but higher than that which would substantially affect the crystallinity of the zeolite. The resulting zeolite, when calcined or sulfided, is useful as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly with respect to the hydrodealkylation of toluene to benzene and methane.

Abstract: Thallium(III) is produced in solution using a photoelectrochemical cell which has an externally electrically interconnected semiconductor photoelectrode and counter electrode. A conductive solution containing thallium(I) is placed in the cell and a flow of current generated by exposing the photoelectrode to actinic radiation, thereby oxidizing the thallium.In another embodiment, a thallium(III) solution is produced by mixing a solution containing thallium(I) with a particulate semiconductor, introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the mixture, and exposing the mixture to actinic radiation.The produced thallium(III) can be reacted with organic compounds, for example with compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond to form epoxides, concurrently reducing thallium. Continuous production can be obtained by recycling the reduced thallium by photoelectrochemical oxidation to thallium(III).

Abstract: Molybdenum is ion exchanged into a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, replacing metals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium, by contacting the zeolite with an aqueous solution containing molybdenyl cations (i.e., MoO.sub.2.sup.2+) and having a pH below 7.0 but higher than that which would substantially affect the crystallinity of the zeolite. The resulting zeolite, when calcined or sulfided, is useful as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly with respect to the hydrodealkylation of toluene to benzene and methane.