Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods that employ a continuously variable optical delay line to introduce a delay into a transmitted optical signal. The delay line comprises a holey fiber configured in a spiral layout, wherein one end of the fiber is operative to a reflective fluid reservoir and the other end in operative to an input port. A segmented piezoelectric actuator is employed to position a reflective fluid within the fiber, utilizing a commutated technique that continuously moves the fluid. A signal received at the input port is routed through the holey fiber at an angle of incidence to achieve total internal reflection. The signal traverses towards the reflective fluid, and reflects back towards the input port after coming into contact with the fluid's surface. The delay introduced into the signal is a function of the distance traveled through the delay line.

Abstract: A window-mounted positionable collector comprising a base that is secured to a window. An inner rotatable hollow wedge-cut member may be rotated about the base to produce a first degree of freedom, while an outer rotatable hollow wedge-cut member may be rotated about a top end of the inner rotatable hollow wedge-cut member to provide a second degree a freedom. The combination of the first and second degrees of freedom enables the optical axis of an optical collector operatively coupled to the outer rotatable hollow wedge-cut member to be directed along any direction falling within a cone of angulation defined by acute angles corresponding to the angles of the wedge cuts defined in the rotatable hollow wedge cut members. In one embodiment, a cover is connected to a top end of the outer rotatable hollow wedge-cut member to form a sealed volume, whereby the apparatus may be secured to the window by applying a vacuum to the sealed volume.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a coordinate position and/or orientation of a stylus. The apparatus functions by positioning an armature coupled to the stylus, which is disposed within a magnetic fluid. The magnetic fluid is contained within a cavity defined in a non-magnetic body. A controllable active magnetic field-generating structure disposed in proximity to the cavity is used to generate a variable magnetic field that acts upon the magnetic fluid, causing it to be displaced, thereby enabling the armature to be moved to a desired coordinate position and/or orientation. In one implementation, the invention may be used in free space optical communication systems, whereby the stylus comprises the end portion of a fiber optic cable that may be positioned so as to maximize the energy levels of both transmitted and received optical signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning an optical component, such as a lens or reflector. Positioning of the optical component is facilitated by an adaptive support that is coupled to the optical component on one end, and secured to a generally static structure at an opposing end. The adaptive support comprises a flexible support member on which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are mounted. In response to differential voltages applied to selected piezoelectric elements, localized portions of the flexible support member are caused to extend or contract. As a result, this localized extension and contraction alters the configuration of the adaptive support such that the orientation and/or position of the optical component are changed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a position and/or orientation of a conductor disposed in a conductive fluid. A plurality of electrodes disposed about the conductor and preferably being in contact with the conductive fluid are used to provide an electrical path between each electrode and the conductor. In one embodiment, resistances between each electrode and conductor are determined through use of a signal processing circuit. In another embodiment, capacitances between each electrode and the conductor are determined using a similar signal processing circuit. Once the resistances or capacitances are determined, the position of the conductor can be determined based on these values in combination with parameters relating to the configuration of the electrodes and conductor, as well as characteristics of the conductive fluid. In one implementation, the invention may be used in free space optical communication systems, whereby the position of the end portion of the fiber optic cable can be determined.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining a position and/or orientation of a conductor disposed in a conductive fluid. A plurality of electrodes disposed about the conductor and preferably being in contact with the conductive fluid are used to provide an electrical path between each electrode and the conductor. In one embodiment, resistances between each electrode and conductor are determined through use of a signal processing circuit. In another embodiment, capacitances between each electrode and the conductor are determined using a similar signal processing circuit. Once the resistances or capacitances are determined, the position of the conductor can be determined based on these values in combination with parameters relating to the configuration of the electrodes and conductor, as well as characteristics of the conductive fluid. In one implementation, the invention may be used in free space optical communication systems, whereby the position of the end portion of the fiber optic cable can be determined.

Abstract: A multiple channel optical fiber controller provides an optical fiber positioning control loop for each degree of freedom. Each channel represents a degree of freedom and remains independent from other channels by modulating the degrees of freedom with an orthogonal code set. The orthogonal code set is an orthogonal CDMA code set so that the optical coefficients can be distinguished from each other and degrees of freedom can be independently match filter detected. Amplitude modulation allows the state of degrees of freedom to be derived and provides the necessary feedback signal for the degree of freedom channel.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vacuum pump that includes a diaphragm comprising an upper diaphragm member and a lower diaphragm member. The diaphragm members preferably comprise thin metal sheets that are plated with a noble metal, such as gold, silver, or platinum, and are mated together so as to form a hermetic seal along the length of the diaphragm. The piezoelectric vacuum pump further includes a plurality of piezoelectric bimorph elements that are mounted to the upper surface of the upper diaphragm member. When the piezoelectric bimorph elements are electrically activated, they cause a localized portion of the upper diaphragm member to flex, thereby creating a change in volume in a portion of the diaphragm proximate to that piezoelectric bimorph element.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight free-space optical communication system is mounted to a window, such as to a surface of the window. Mounting can be accomplished using glue, vacuum devices, or other fastener devices or fixtures. The optical communication system has features that compensate for window dynamics and other window characteristics, including fast steering solutions for pointing and tracking, and terminal size and weight factors.

Abstract: A technique for polarization locking optical outputs of N optical amplifiers to a reference polarization output, N being an integer, includes providing N optical loops and a reference optical loop. Each of the N optical loops includes a polarization controller connected to an optical amplifier. The reference optical loop includes a reference polarization controller and a linear optical polarizer. An optical output from a laser source is fed to all of the polarization controllers. A portion of an optical output of the reference polarization controller is fed back to an input of the reference polarization controller via the linear polarizer. A portion of the optical output of the reference polarization controller is fed to an optical input of each of N beam splitters and an optical output of each amplifier of the N loops is fed to an optical input of a respective one of the N beam splitters. A substantial portion of the optical output of each amplifier is output by its respective beam splitter.