Abstract: Systems and methods for threat evaluation and data collection are described herein. An example method may commence with collecting, by a wearable device, sensor data from one or more sensors installed on the wearable device. The wearable device may be worn by a user and be communicatively coupled to a central data portal and one or more external sources. The method may include receiving external sensor data from the one or more external sources. The method may continue with processing the sensor data and the external sensor data to evaluate a user state. The user state may be indicative of at least one physical threat to the user or at least one medical condition of the user. The method may further include transmitting the user state to the central data portal. The central data portal may be configured to process the user state for storage and visualization.

Abstract: An engine includes an air intake system, an exhaust system, a single-cylinder-sourced EGR system, an exhaust sensor that is disposed to monitor exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders, and a diverter valve. A controller includes an instruction set that executable to determine operation of the engine in a fuel cut-off mode, discontinue fuel flow to the single one of the cylinders, divert exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders to the air intake system, determine an airflow, temperature, and an equivalence ratio of the diverted exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders, determine a mass flowrate of oxygen in the diverted exhaust gas, integrate the mass flowrate of oxygen in the diverted exhaust gas, and discontinue the diverting of the exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders when the integrated mass flowrate of oxygen is greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: An engine includes an air intake system, an exhaust system, a single-cylinder-sourced EGR system, an exhaust sensor that is disposed to monitor exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders, and a diverter valve. A controller includes an instruction set that executable to determine operation of the engine in a fuel cut-off mode, discontinue fuel flow to the single one of the cylinders, divert exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders to the air intake system, determine an airflow, temperature, and an equivalence ratio of the diverted exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders, determine a mass flowrate of oxygen in the diverted exhaust gas, integrate the mass flowrate of oxygen in the diverted exhaust gas, and discontinue the diverting of the exhaust gas from the single one of the cylinders when the integrated mass flowrate of oxygen is greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the proximity of a personal item are provided. Systems and methods as provided herein allow a computing device to monitor the proximity of a personal item by generating an alert when wireless communications between the computing device and the personal item are lost in an unsafe zone to remind a user of the computing device about the personal item in an attempt to prevent leaving the personal item in the unsafe zone, where it may be susceptible to theft or loss. The provided systems and methods also automatically assign safe zones by analyzing clusters of location data points obtained by the computing device over time to determine a home location and an office location, assigning the home location and the office location as safe zones, and assigning all other locations as unsafe. A user may further manually designate locations as safe zones.

Abstract: A diagnostic system of a vehicle includes an impedance module and a diagnostic module. The impedance module determines an impedance of a sensing element of an exhaust gas oxygen sensor based on a response of the sensing element to a change in current through the sensing element. The diagnostic module selectively diagnoses a fault associated with the exhaust gas oxygen sensor based on the impedance of the sensing element.

Abstract: A control system includes a temperature determination module and a heater control module. The temperature determination module determines a temperature of an oxygen sensor in an exhaust system of an engine. The heater control module applies a heat cycle to combust deposits on the oxygen sensor by activating a heating element of the oxygen sensor to increase the temperature of the oxygen sensor to greater than 800 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor system for a vehicle includes a pump control module, a correction module, and a fuel control module. While fueling of an engine is cut off, the pump control module selectively turns ON an air pump that pumps ambient air into an exhaust system of the vehicle upstream of a universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor and a catalyst. The correction module receives an output of the UEGO sensor, selectively determines a correction for the output of the UEGO sensor when the air pump is ON and the fuel is cut off, and adjusts the output of the UEGO sensor based on the correction to produce a corrected output. The fuel control module, during fueling of the engine, selectively controls the fueling based on the corrected output.

Abstract: A GaN based light emitting diode device which emits polarized light or light of various degrees of polarization for use in the creation of optical devices. The die are cut to different shapes, or contain some indicia that are used to represent the configuration of the weak dipole plane and the strong dipole plane. This allows for the more efficient manufacturing of such light emitting diode based optical devices.

Abstract: A packaged optical device includes a substrate having a surface region with light emitting diode devices fabricated on a semipolar or nonpolar GaN substrate. The light emitting diodes emit polarized light and are characterized by an overlapped electron wave function and a hole wave function. Phosphors within the package are excited by the polarized light and, in response, emit electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the proximity of a personal item are provided. Systems and methods as provided herein allow a computing device to monitor the proximity of a personal item by generating an alert when wireless communications between the computing device and the personal item are lost in an unsafe zone to remind a user of the computing device about the personal item in an attempt to prevent leaving the personal item in the unsafe zone, where it may be susceptible to theft or loss. The provided systems and methods also automatically assign safe zones by analyzing clusters of location data points obtained by the computing device over time to determine a home location and an office location, assigning the home location and the office location as safe zones, and assigning all other locations as unsafe. A user may further manually designate locations as safe zones.

Abstract: A diagnostic system of a vehicle includes an impedance module and a diagnostic module. The impedance module determines an impedance of a sensing element of an exhaust gas oxygen sensor based on a response of the sensing element to a change in current through the sensing element. The diagnostic module selectively diagnoses a fault associated with the exhaust gas oxygen sensor based on the impedance of the sensing element.

Abstract: A packaged optical device includes a substrate having a surface region with light emitting diode devices fabricated on a semipolar or nonpolar GaN substrate. The light emitting diodes emit polarized light and are characterized by an overlapped electron wave function and a hole wave function. Phosphors within the package are excited by the polarized light and, in response, emit electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength.

Abstract: An improved laser light emitting diode. The device has a gallium nitride substrate structure, which includes a surface region. The device also has an epitaxial layer overlying the surface region and a p-n junction formed within a portion of the epitaxial layer. In a preferred embodiment, the device also has one or more plane or line defects spatially configured in a manner to be free from intersecting the p-n junction, the one or more plane or line defects being at least 1×106 cm?2.

Abstract: A control method for monitoring a soot sensor of an exhaust treatment system is provided. The control method includes: determining when regeneration has completed; comparing soot sensor data to an estimated soot data based on the determining; and generating a message based on the comparing.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a substrate having a surface region and a light emitting diode overlying the surface region. The light emitting diode is fabricated on a semipolar or nonpolar GaN containing substrate and emits electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength. The diode includes a quantum well region characterized by an electron wave function and a hole wave function. The electron wave function and the hole wave function are substantially overlapped within a predetermined spatial region of the quantum well region. The device has a transparent phosphor overlying the light emitting diode. The phosphor is excited by the substantially polarized emission to emit electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor system for a vehicle includes a pump control module, a correction module, and a fuel control module. While fueling of an engine is cut off, the pump control module selectively turns ON an air pump that pumps ambient air into an exhaust system of the vehicle upstream of a universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor and a catalyst. The correction module receives an output of the UEGO sensor, selectively determines a correction for the output of the UEGO sensor when the air pump is ON and the fuel is cut off, and adjusts the output of the UEGO sensor based on the correction to produce a corrected output. The fuel control module, during fueling of the engine, selectively controls the fueling based on the corrected output.

Abstract: A packaged optical device includes a substrate having a surface region with light emitting diode devices fabricated on a semipolar or nonpolar GaN substrate. The LEDs emit polarized light and are characterized by an overlapped electron wave function and a hole wave function. Phosphors within the package are excited by the polarized light and, in response, emit electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength.

Abstract: A partial pressure determination module: determines a first partial pressure of oxygen in an intake manifold of an engine based on an output of a first oxygen sensor measuring oxygen in the intake manifold; and determines a second partial pressure of oxygen in an exhaust system based on an output of a second oxygen sensor measuring oxygen in the exhaust system. A concentration determination module: determines a concentration of oxygen in the intake manifold based on the first partial pressure and an intake manifold; and determines a concentration of oxygen in the exhaust system based on the second partial pressure. A flowrate determination module determines a mass flowrate of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) based on the concentration of oxygen in the intake manifold and the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust system. An actuator control module controls an engine operating parameter based on the mass flowrate of EGR.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a substrate having a surface region and a light emitting diode overlying the surface region. The light emitting diode is fabricated on a semipolar or nonpolar GaN containing substrate and emits electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength. The diode includes a quantum well region characterized by an electron wave function and a hole wave function. The electron wave function and the hole wave function are substantially overlapped within a predetermined spatial region of the quantum well region. The device has a transparent phosphor overlying the light emitting diode. The phosphor is excited by the substantially polarized emission to emit electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength.

Abstract: A packaged optical device includes a substrate having a surface region with light emitting diode devices fabricated on a semipolar or nonpolar GaN substrate. The LEDs emit polarized light and are characterized by an overlapped electron wave function and a hole wave function. Phosphors within the package are excited by the polarized light and, in response, emit electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength.