Abstract: In various embodiments, grades are assigned to student annotations associated with an educational resource based on grading features derived utilizing human grades of annotations in a training set of annotations.

Abstract: In various embodiments, online discussions in connection with an educational resource are improved by analyzing annotations made by students assigned to a discussion group to identify high-quality annotations likely to generate responses and stimulate discussion threads and by making the identified annotations visible to students not assigned to the discussion group.

Abstract: In various embodiments, subject matter for improving discussions in connection with an educational resource is identified and summarized by analyzing annotations made by students assigned to a discussion group to identify high-quality annotations likely to generate responses and stimulate discussion threads, identifying clusters of high-quality annotations relating to the same portion or related portions of the educational resource, extracting and summarizing text from the annotations, and combining, in an electronically represented document, the extracted and summarized text and (i) at least some of the annotations and the portion or portions of the educational resource or (ii) clickable links thereto.

Abstract: In various embodiments, actions taken on student devices by students using an interactive educational resource are analyzed to determine the students' likelihood of educational success and, if the likelihood is less than a threshold, the students are notified of deficiencies in their actions.