Abstract: A system for creating micro-channels through superficial corneal epithelium, the system including: a femtosecond laser having a pulse energy range of 1 to 20 microjoules (?J) and a capability of generating a laser beam having a wavelength of 700-1100 nanometers (nm) and a repetition rate of 1 kilohertz to 1 megahertz, a laser delivery system comprising a beam expander, a scanning lens having a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.05 to 0.5 and a focusing objective, and control software that controls the delivery system such that the laser beam is scanned in a pattern. The system is used to noninvasively increase corneal epithelial permeability to therapeutic agents through micron-scale channels created through the corneal epithelium by the system or to induce wound healing in a cornea in a subject following creation of micron-scale channels in the cornea.

Abstract: A glaucoma treatment apparatus including an imaging device capable of imaging the anterior segment of the eye, a treatment laser, an algorithm programmed to determine a location and a cross sectional area of a treatment based on a customized anatomy of the anterior segment of the eye including the trabecular meshwork (TM), the Schlemm's Canal (SC) and collector channels (CCS), obtained from pre-operative images of the anterior segment of the eye, a pre-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) level and a target IOP reduction as an inputs, and a processor configured to actuate the apparatus to create an outflow channel with a cross-sectional area and location or multiple outflow channels with multiple cross-sectional areas and locations from the anterior chamber (AC) to the SC across the TM, as determined by the algorithm to achieve the target intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Also disclosed is a method of reducing intraocular pressure in an eye.

Abstract: A laser beam delivery system including an amplified femtosecond (FS) laser device coupled to a nonlinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) configured to select a FS laser wavelength and to amplify input amplified femtosecond (FS) laser pulses of from 700 to 2500 nm to generate a single, parametrically amplified output FS pulse having a pulse energy of from 0.1-100 ?J, wherein the NOPA uses an average power of below 46.1 mW to amplify the input FS laser pulses. Also disclosed is a method of nonlinear optical photodynamic irradiation of a target.