Abstract: A device for protecting an electronic equipment item, configured to limit the electric current between an electric power generator and an electronic equipment item consuming electric power. The device includes a control circuit connected to a power circuit, the power circuit including power semiconductors, the power circuit being able to be connected in series between the electric power generator and the electronic equipment item. The control circuit includes event detection modules, a current setpoint variation module, and a control module for controlling the power semiconductors, configured to supply a control signal for limiting the electric current in the power circuit as a function of the current limitation setpoint signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing para-hydroxycinnamic acid from para-hydroxybenzaldehydes by reaction with malonic acid in the presence of at least one of an amino acid and acetic acid. The process may include a condensation reaction between a para-hydroxybenzaldehyde compound with malonic acid in the presence of at least one of an amino acid and acetic acid.

Abstract: A device for protecting an electronic equipment item, configured to limit the electric current between an electric power generator and an electronic equipment item consuming electric power. The device includes a control circuit connected to a power circuit, the power circuit including power semiconductors, the power circuit being able to be connected in series between the electric power generator and the electronic equipment item. The control circuit includes event detection modules, a current setpoint variation module, and a control module for controlling the power semiconductors, configured to supply a control signal for limiting the electric current in the power circuit as a function of the current limitation setpoint signal.

Abstract: Infrared (IR) vibrational scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has advanced to become a powerful nanoimaging and spectroscopy technique with applications ranging from biological to quantum materials. However, full spatiospectral s-SNOM continues to be challenged by long measurement times and drift during the acquisition of large associated datasets. Various embodiments provide for a novel approach of computational spatiospectral s-SNOM by transforming the basis from the stationary frame into the rotating frame of the IR carrier frequency. Some embodiments see acceleration of IR s-SNOM data collection by a factor of 10 or more in combination with prior knowledge of the electronic or vibrational resonances to be probed, the IR source excitation spectrum, and other general sample characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of benzene derivatives from furfural and its derivatives. The present invention also relates to the preparation of novel intermediates derived from furfural and its derivatives. The present invention describes new routes for converting furfural and its derivatives into benzene derivatives including novel intermediates.

Abstract: Infrared (IR) vibrational scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has advanced to become a powerful nanoimaging and spectroscopy technique with applications ranging from biological to quantum materials. However, full spatiospectral s-SNOM continues to be challenged by long measurement times and drift during the acquisition of large associated datasets. Various embodiments provide for a novel approach of computational spatiospectral s-SNOM by transforming the basis from the stationary frame into the rotating frame of the IR carrier frequency. Some embodiments see acceleration of IR s-SNOM data collection by a factor of 10 or more in combination with prior knowledge of the electronic or vibrational resonances to be probed, the IR source excitation spectrum, and other general sample characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of tri-functional aromatic molecules from diformylfuran, in particular to the production of tri-methyl benzene derivatives such as for example trimellitic acid or 1,2,4-tri(aminomethyl)benzene from diformylfuran and its derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds of formulae (IV) and (VII): (IV) (VII) wherein X represents a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and R is a hydrocarbyl radical, said compounds being useful as precursors and/or intermediates for the preparation of 4,4?dihalobenzophenones of formula (I): (I) wherein X is as defined above.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds of formula (I): wherein X bromine and iodine, which are useful for the preparation of 4,4?dihalobenzophenones of formula (III): wherein X is as defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of xylene derivatives from furfural and its derivatives. The invention describes new routes for converting furfural and its derivatives into xylene derivatives including novel intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of tri-functional aromatic molecules from diformylfuran, in particular to the production of tri-methyl benzene derivatives such as for example trimellitic acid or 1,2,4-tri(aminomethyl)benzene from diformylfuran and its derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds of formula (I) wherein X represents a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, which are useful for the preparation of 4,4?dihalodiphenylsulfones of formula (III) wherein X is as defined above.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing at least one levulinate ester, said process comprising the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with at least one other alcohol in the presence of water and at least one catalyst, said furfuryl alcohol being present in a quantity of at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcohols, and said catalyst comprising at least one triflate ligand and at least one metal selected from bismuth, gallium, aluminum, tin and iron.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing at least one levulinate ester, said process comprising the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with at least one other alcohol in the presence of water and at least one catalyst, said furfuryl alcohol being present in a quantity of at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcohols, and said catalyst comprising at least one triflate ligand and at least one metal selected from bismuth, gallium, aluminum, tin and iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of xylene derivatives from furfural and its derivatives. The invention describes new routes for converting furfural and its derivatives into xylene derivatives including novel intermediates.

Abstract: The visual similarity between fonts is determined using visual descriptors of character images in the fonts. A model used to generate the visual descriptors may include a set of letterforms, keypoint locations on each letterform, and detail shapes at zero, one, or more detail areas on the letterform. In some instances, the model may also set forth one or more geometric measurements. Based on the model, a visual descriptor may be generated for a character image from a font by identifying a letterform of the character image, identifying keypoint locations on the character image, and identifying a detail shape at any detail areas on the character image. Additionally, the visual descriptor may include any geometric measurement defined by the model. The visual similarity between two fonts may be determined as a function of the differences between pairs of visual descriptors for the fonts that correspond with the same letterform.

Abstract: The visual similarity between fonts is determined using visual descriptors of character images in the fonts. A model used to generate the visual descriptors may include a set of letterforms, keypoint locations on each letterform, and detail shapes at zero, one, or more detail areas on the letterform. In some instances, the model may also set forth one or more geometric measurements. Based on the model, a visual descriptor may be generated for a character image from a font by identifying a letterform of the character image, identifying keypoint locations on the character image, and identifying a detail shape at any detail areas on the character image. Additionally, the visual descriptor may include any geometric measurement defined by the model. The visual similarity between two fonts may be determined as a function of the differences between pairs of visual descriptors for the fonts that correspond with the same letterform.

Abstract: A hydraulic device, in particular for actuating a clutch, including a hydraulic working cylinder, which is arranged near the clutch and which is connected to a volumetric flow source via a hydraulic line. The volumetric flow rate of the volumetric flow source can be influenced by a control unit according to signals of the sensors associated with the hydraulic device. The volumetric flow source is formed by a combination of an electric motor and a pump arranged in a common housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic system for actuating a belt-driven conical-pulley transmission with a variably adjustable transmission ratio, of a vehicle, having at least one hydraulic energy source and having a moment sensor that is supplied with working medium by a pump flow of the hydraulic energy source. The invention is distinguished in that a disconnecting valve device is connected between the hydraulic energy source and the moment sensor, which makes it possible to connect or disconnect an additional pump flow of the hydraulic energy source, depending on need.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic system for actuating a continuously variable belt-driven conical-pulley transmission having two conical pulleys encircled by an endless torque-transmitting means, each of which comprises two conical disks, one of which is axially movable depending on the pressure in an associated pressing chamber, and having a torque sensor which includes a torque sensing chamber that is connected to a hydraulic energy source and is linked with the pressing chambers. The invention is distinguished by the fact that the pressing chambers are connected via a first hydraulic resistance element to the torque sensing chamber, and via a second hydraulic resistance element to an additional pressure chamber, in which a lower pressure prevails than in the pressing chambers and/or the torque sensing chamber.