Abstract: A system and apparatus for inserting a watermark into a compiled computer program selectively replaces specified optimizations by non-optimized code to encode bit values of the watermark. The watermark is read by decoding the executable code and assigning the decoded bit values, determined by the presence or absence of optimized code, to bit positions in a signature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding/decoding between interchange format data and structured data utilizes a scripting language. The structure of the data can be controlled by the sequence of commands in the script and changes to the structure can be implemented by changing the script. A parser/interpreter is the only software necessary to implement the technique.

Abstract: A method including: sonicating a liquid suspension of first particles; and analyzing the liquid phase for second particles. An apparatus including: a sonicator adapted to sonicate a liquid suspension of first particles; and a first analyzer adapted to analyze the sonicated liquid phase for second particles. The method and apparatus can be used to analyze the adhesion force relationships between the main or host first particles and guest or surface additive second particles.

Abstract: A back flow prevention valve for preventing water from draining back into a water supply line. The back flow prevention valve includes a housing comprising a tubular body having a first and second open end each having a respective covering thereon with an aperture extending therethrough. A water supply pipe is fluidly coupled to the aperture in a first covering. A cylinder is coupled to the first covering and extends inward of the tubular body. A piston having a bore extending therethrough is slidably positioned in the cylinder. A biasing member biases the piston toward the first covering. The aperture in the second covering has a ledge therein for opening the valve. A one-way valve is removably coupled to the piston and is adapted for letting water move outwardly through the piston toward the second end of the tubular member.

Abstract: A method including: sonicating a liquid suspension of first particles; and analyzing the liquid phase for second particles. An apparatus including: a sonicator adapted to sonicate a liquid suspension of first particles; and a first analyzer adapted to analyze the sonicated liquid phase for second particles. The method and apparatus can be used to analyze the adhesion force relationships between the main or host first particles and guest or surface additive second particles.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward efficient digital certificate processing. In one aspect a system for efficient digital certificate processing comprises a computer and a secure certificate cache coupled to a computer. The secure certificate cache stores pre-verified digital certificates. In a second aspect, a method for efficient digital certificate processing in a data processing system comprises providing a secure certificate cache and receiving a digital certificate. The method further includes determining if the digital certificate is within the secure certificate cache. The method finally includes verifying the validity of the digital certificate if the digital certificate is within the secure certificate cache.

Abstract: An improved method for encoding digital-data in a data processing system providing a buffer and utilizing a forward looking encoding process is disclosed. The forward looking encoding process includes the sequential steps of allocating a maximum number of bytes for a maximum size data-length field within the buffer and determining a data-length value for the digital data by encoding each of at least one portion of the digital data, the maximum size data-length field for receiving the data-length value. The forward looking encoding process also includes adjusting the maximum size data-length field, wherein the forward looking encoding process avoids a memory consuming duplication of the digital data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in a packet radio system is provided wherein a time for providing a plurality of users of the system with acknowledgement data appertaining to successful transmission of packets of data bearing radio signals is large in comparison with a rate of demand for communication of data, and wherein authorisation for transmission of packets is based on an estimate of a number of active users. The method and apparatus provides the users with an estimate of the number active users, calculated in accordance with an average number of acknowledgements received during a predetermined time.