Abstract: A method for infrared chemical imaging through nondegenerate two-photon absorption includes a step of providing pulsed or continuous wave radiation having pumping photons at near-infrared wavelength and providing pulsed or continuous wave radiation that having mid-infrared photons at a mid-infrared wavelength with peak intensities less than 50 W/cm2. The mid-infrared photons are directed onto a target sample. The method also includes a step of spatially and temporally overlapping the mid-infrared photons with the pumping photons. The mid-infrared photons and the pumping photons are directed onto a camera having an array or matrix of imaging devices. Characteristically, the sum of photon energy for each temporally and spatially overlapping mid-infrared photons and pumping photons is greater than or equal to the bandgap energy.

Abstract: The technology relates to devices and methods thereof for the detection of one or more biomarkers from a user's exhaled breath. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a device comprising a metered dose inhaler, and a sensor that detects one or more biomarkers comprising HFA, CO2, and NO. In another embodiment, the device detects HFA, CO2 and NO simultaneously by photoacoustic spectroscopy. In another embodiment, the device may be used as part of an overall treatment regimen for asthma or COPD.

Abstract: The technology relates to devices and methods thereof for the detection of one or more biomarkers from a user's exhaled breath. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a device comprising a metered dose inhaler, and a sensor that detects one or more biomarkers comprising HFA, CO2, and NO. In another embodiment, the device detects HFA, CO2 and NO simultaneously by photoacoustic spectroscopy. In another embodiment, the device may be used as part of an overall treatment regimen for asthma or COPD.

Abstract: A multiphoton microscope based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation that images FOVs of about 0.8 mm2 (without stitching adjacent FOVs) at speeds of 10 frames/second (800×800 pixels) with lateral and axial resolutions of 0.5 ?m and 2.5 ?m, respectively. The scan head of the instrument includes a fast galvanometric scanner, relay optics, a beam expander and a high NA objective lens. The system is based on a 25×, 1.05 NA water immersion lens, which features a long working distance of 1 mm. A proper tailoring of the beam expander, which consists of the scan and tube lens elements, enables scaling of the FOV. The system and method also include a flat wavefront of the beam, minimum field curvature, and suppressed spherical aberrations. All aberrations in focus are below the Marechal criterion of 0.07? rms for diffraction-limited performance.

Abstract: A multiphoton microscope based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation that images FOVs of about 0.8 mm2 (without stitching adjacent FOVs) at speeds of 10 frames/second (800×800 pixels) with lateral and axial resolutions of 0.5 ?m and 2.5 ?m, respectively. The scan head of the instrument includes a fast galvanometric scanner, relay optics, a beam expander and a high NA objective lens. The system is based on a 25×, 1.05 NA water immersion lens, which features a long working distance of 1 mm. A proper tailoring of the beam expander, which consists of the scan and tube lens elements, enables scaling of the FOV. The system and method also include a flat wavefront of the beam, minimum field curvature, and suppressed spherical aberrations. All aberrations in focus are below the Marechal criterion of 0.07? rms for diffraction-limited performance.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for detecting a non-linear coherent field induced in a sample volume. The system includes a first source for generating a first electromagnetic field at a first frequency, a second source for generating a second electromagnetic field at a second frequency, first optics for directing the first and second electromagnetic fields toward the sample volume, second optics for directing the first and second electromagnetic fields toward a local oscillator volume, and an interferometer. The interferometer is for interfering a first scattering field that is generated by the interaction of the first and second electromagnetic fields in the sample volume, with a second scattering field that is generated by the interaction of the first and second electromagnetic fields in the local oscillator volume.