Abstract: Commercially available gas filters are too large for mobile form-factor gas sensors. These sensors require filters with planar dimensions in the millimeter range and thicknesses of 1 mm or less and combined with long term and harsh conditions survivability. Furthermore, custom filters made small enough to be applied onto mobile form-factor gas sensors are generally not specific enough to support multi-gas detection. This invention describes a novel structured filter: (1) derived from principles of macroscale gas separation columns, (2) made compact enough to be utilized at millimeter scale and microscale levels, and (3) made compatible with mobile requirements and some methodology for usage in micro gas spectroscopy platforms.

Abstract: A sole structure for an article of footwear includes a chassis and a cushioning arrangement. The chassis includes a recess formed between a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface. The cushioning arrangement includes a first cushioning element protruding from the first surface and including a first plurality of lobes and a second cushioning element protruding from the second surface and including a second plurality of lobes contacting the first plurality of lobes. At least one of the first cushioning element and the second cushioning element may include a fluid-filled bladder. A first side of each cushioning element includes a substantially planar base and a second side of each cushioning element includes the lobes formed on an opposite side from the base. The base of each cushioning element is attached to a respective one of the surfaces of the recess.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas detector includes an electrochemical cell, a switching circuit, and a drive circuit. The switching circuit is electrically coupled to the electrochemical cell and to the switching circuit. The drive circuit includes a working-electrode terminal, a counter-electrode terminal, and a reference-electrode terminal. The electrochemical cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The switching circuit has a first state in which the first electrode is electrically coupled to the working-electrode terminal, the second electrode is electrically coupled to the counter-electrode terminal, and the third electrode is electrically coupled to the reference-electrode terminal. The switching circuit has a second state in which the first electrode is electrically coupled to the counter-electrode terminal, the second electrode is electrically coupled to the working-electrode terminal, and the third electrode is electrically coupled to the reference-electrode terminal.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor device with small physical footprint is disclosed. The electrodes within the element are arranged about the electrolyte such that the electrical impedance of the sensor is minimized. This results in a fast stabilization after detecting gasses and enables rapid changes in bias voltage to target different gasses. Gasketing elements, or alternative designs, are included to eliminate the diffusion of gasses between the electrodes within the cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for sensing gas has added mechanical support for the working electrode to prevent flexure of the working electrode due to pressure differentials. The added mechanical support includes: 1) affixing a larger area of the working electrode to the body of the cell; 2) a gas vent to a cavity of the body to equalize pressures; 3) a rigid electrolyte layer abutting a back surface of the working electrode; 4) infusing an adhesive deep into sides of the porous working electrode to enhance rigidity; 5) supporting opposing surfaces of the working electrode with the rigid package body; and 6) other techniques to make the working electrode more rigid. A bias circuit is also described that uses a controllable current source, an integrator of the varying current, and a feedback circuit for supplying a voltage to the counter electrode and a bias voltage to the reference electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for sensing gas has added mechanical support for the working electrode to prevent flexure of the working electrode due to pressure differentials. The added mechanical support includes: 1) affixing a larger area of the working electrode to the body of the cell; 2) a gas vent to a cavity of the body to equalize pressures; 3) a rigid electrolyte layer abutting a back surface of the working electrode; 4) infusing an adhesive deep into sides of the porous working electrode to enhance rigidity; 5) supporting opposing surfaces of the working electrode with the rigid package body; and 6) other techniques to make the working electrode more rigid. A bias circuit is also described that uses a controllable current source, an integrator of the varying current, and a feedback circuit for supplying a voltage to the counter electrode and a bias voltage to the reference electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor device with small physical footprint is disclosed. The electrodes within the element are arranged about the electrolyte such that the electrical impedance of the sensor is minimized. This results in a fast stabilization after detecting gasses and enables rapid changes in bias voltage to target different gasses. Gasketing elements, or alternative designs, are included to eliminate the diffusion of gasses between the electrodes within the cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for sensing gas has added mechanical support for the working electrode to prevent flexure of the working electrode due to pressure differentials. The added mechanical support includes: 1) affixing a larger area of the working electrode to the body of the cell; 2) a gas vent to a cavity of the body to equalize pressures; 3) a rigid electrolyte layer abutting a back surface of the working electrode; 4) infusing an adhesive deep into sides of the porous working electrode to enhance rigidity; 5) supporting opposing surfaces of the working electrode with the rigid package body; and 6) other techniques to make the working electrode more rigid. A bias circuit is also described that uses a controllable current source, an integrator of the varying current, and a feedback circuit for supplying a voltage to the counter electrode and a bias voltage to the reference electrode.

Abstract: This disclosure provides cleaning compositions having improved vertical cling. In particular, this disclosure relates to sprayable cleaning compositions containing at least one polysaccharide that are useful for cleaning vertical or inclined surfaces. This disclosure provides cleaning compositions that contain a rheology modifier in an amount of about 0.1 weight percent to about 1 weight percent (i.e., a polysaccharide), an alkalinity source (e.g., chelating agent) in an amount of about 1 weight percent to about 8 weight percent, a surfactant in an amount of about 0.3 weight percent to about 5 weight percent, and water in an amount of about 80 weight percent to about 98 weight percent. The cleaning compositions have a viscosity from about 200 cps to about 1000 cps and exhibit a Vertical Cling time of greater than about 5 minutes. The cleaning compositions effectively remove organic and inorganic soils from wheel, tire and automotive surfaces.