Abstract: A grinder is disclosed which has a housing (12) in which a rotatable disc (60) is mounted. The disc (60) is rotated by a motor (40)and the disc (60) has a periphery which is adjacent an inner stationary wall (102) of the housing (12 ). An air inlet (108) is arranged below the disc and the disc carries vanes (100) so that when the disc rotates, an annular air stream is created at the periphery of the disc in which a grinding zone is established between the periphery of the disc and the stationary wall (102) for grinding material into small particles. The grinding zone includes an annular flow of heavy gas R1. A material inlet (20) is provided for allowing material to enter the housing (12). Large material is grounded by energy intensification after it hits the disc (60) and collides with the inner wall (40) of the housing so as to break down the material into smaller particle size, which can then move to the grinding zone at the periphery of the disc (60) to be further ground into small particles.

Abstract: A motor for driving a propeller is disclosed which has a drive shaft (10) which is coupleable to a propeller shaft (20) by bevel gears (12 and 14) so as to rotate the shaft (20) to in turn rotate propeller blades P of an outboard motor. The drive shaft (20) has an internal concentric shaft (30) which enables the adjustment of the pitch of the propeller blades P by mounting the propeller blades P for rotation about a pitch axis and coupling the mounting (72?) via an integral bevel gear (104) to a bevel gear (102) on the shaft (30). A phase adjustment mechanism (40) is provided for rotating the shaft (30) relative to the shaft (20) to in turn rotate the propeller blades P around the pitch axis to change the pitch of the propeller blades P. The phase adjustment mechanism comprises ring gears (48 and 50), together with planet gears (48) in engagement with a gear on the shaft (30) and planet gears (46) in engagement with a gear (26) on the shaft (20).

Abstract: A motor for driving a propeller is disclosed which has a drive shaft (10) which is coupleable to a propeller shaft (20) by bevel gears (12 and 14) so as to rotate the shaft (20) to in turn rotate propeller blades P of an outboard motor. The drive shaft (20) has an internal concentric shaft (30) which enables the adjustment of the pitch of the propeller blades P by mounting the propeller blades P for rotation about a pitch axis and coupling the mounting (72′) via an integral bevel gear (104) to a bevel gear (102) on the shaft (30). A phase adjustment mechanism (40) is provided for rotating the shaft (30) relative to the shaft (20) to in turn rotate the propeller blades P around the pitch axis to change the pitch of the propeller blades P. The phase adjustment mechanism comprises ring gears (48 and 50), together with planet gears (48) in engagement with a gear on the shaft (30) and planet gears (46) in engagement with a gear (26) on the shaft (20).

Abstract: A motor for driving a propeller is disclosed which has a drive shaft (10) which is coupleable to a propeller shaft (20) by bevel gears (12 and 14) so as to rotate the shaft (20) to in turn rotate propeller blades P of an outboard motor. The drive shaft (20) has an internal concentric shaft (30) which enables the adjustment of the pitch of the propeller blades P by mounting the propeller blades P for rotation about a pitch axis and coupling the mounting (72′) via an integral bevel gear (104) to a bevel gear (102) on the shaft (30). A phase adjustment mechanism (40) is provided for rotating the shaft (30) relative to the shaft (20) to in turn rotate the propeller blades P around the pitch axis to change the pitch of the propeller blades P. The phase adjustment mechanism comprises ring gears (48 and 50), together with planet gears (48) in engagement with a gear on the shaft (30) and planet gears (46) in engagement with a gear (26) on the shaft (20).

Abstract: A transmission has a gear system (34) which may be in the form of an orbit system (32, 35) or a planetary orbital spur system. The gear systems include a control gear (32) which is controlled to determine the drive ratio of the transmission. The control gear is controlled by a momentum control which includes a disc (23) and a slide (25) which carries a magnet (30) for selectivity allowing or preventing rotation of the disc (23) to in turn change the speed of rotation of the control gear (32). Alternatively, the momentum control can be formed from moveable masses which move radially outwardly relative to the control shad to change the speed of rotation of the control gear.

Abstract: A phase control mechanism for adjusting the phase relationship between a cam shaft and a crank shaft and an internal combustion engine is disclosed, to enable variable valve timing within the engine. The mechanism is disposed between crank shaft (203) and cam shaft (202) and comprises a pulley (204) which is integrally connected to a bevel gear (216). Bevel gears (224) are supported in the cage (220) which is integrally coupled to the cam shaft (202). A control gear (210) meshes with the bevel gears (224) and the control gear (210) is connected to a shaft (208) which may be driven by a stepper motor (215) which drives the shaft (208) via a gear (209). Rotation of the gear (210) causes the gears (224) to advance or regress relative to the gear (214) and therefore relative to the pulley (204) and crank shaft (203) so as to change the valve timing of the engine.

Abstract: A phase control mechanism for adjusting the phase relationship between a cam shaft and a crank shaft and an internal combustion engine is disclosed, to enable variable valve timing within the engine. The mechanism is disposed between crank shaft (203) and cam shaft (202) and comprises a pulley (204) which is integrally connected to a bevel gear (216). Bevel gears (224) are supported in the cage (220) which is integrally coupled to the cam shaft (202). A control gear (210) meshes with the bevel gears (224) and the control gear (210) is connected to a shaft (208) which may be driven by a stepper motor (215) which drives the shaft (208) via a gear (209). Rotation of the gear (210) causes the gears (224) to advance or regress relative to the gear (214) and therefore relative to the pulley (204) and crank shaft (203) so as to change the valve timing of the engine.

Abstract: A gear profile for orbital gear transmission is disclosed in which an outer gear (10) and an inner gear (30) are included. At least one of the gears is constrained for orbital motion to impart rotary motion to the other of the gears. The profile of teeth (34) of inner gear (30) is sinusoidal at least in the vicinity of pitch circle (36) of the gear (30) and the pitch circle (36) coincides with the point of inflection (52) of the sinusoidal profile of the teeth (34). The outer gear (10) has a pitch circle (25) and the point of inflection (19) of the inner gear (30) rolls across the point of the profile of teeth (14) of the outer gear (10) where the pitch circle (25) intersects the profile of the teeth (14). Orbital transmission systems are disclosed in which one or the other of the inner gear (10) or outer gear (30) is mounted on an eccentric (63) which is driven by an input shaft (64).

Abstract: A double orbital transmission is disclosed which has first and second input shafts (12 and 13) which carry first and second eccentrics (14 and 16). The pawl carrier (24) is mounted on the second eccentric and the pawl carrier carries a plurality of pawls (32 and 34). An orbital body (50) is mounted on the first eccentric (16) and carries first and second assembler rings (42 and 44) for engaging with the pawls (32 and 34). The pawls (32 and 34) are restrained to undergo orbital motion by an orbit control plate (104) and the orbital body (50) is also constrained to undergo orbital motion and orbital control plate coupled to an output (120). A phase controller is provided to control the phase relationship between the two input shafts (12 and 13) and therefore the drive ratio of the transmission by controlling the phase relationship between the eccent rics (14 and 16).

Abstract: A ratchet mechanism for enabling motion to be transferred in one direction but not in the opposite direction as disclosed which does not require springs. The mechanism includes an engagement member (16, 50, 100, 250, 330) which has teeth for engaging teeth on an outer member (12, 70, 200, 300). The engaging member (16, 50, 100, 250, 330) is mounted on an inner member (30, 80, 220, 320). A drive surface (120, 255, 323) on the engagement member (16, 50, 100, 250, 330) contacts teeth of the outer member (12, 70, 200, 300) when rotated in one direction so as to move the engagement member into position whereby a tooth (18, 110, 258, 335) can engage teeth of the outer member. When rotated in the opposite direction, the engagement member is moved out of engagement with the outer member to enable the ratchet to freewheel. In other arrangements, a cam (34, 321) either alone or in engagement with a drive surface causes engagement or disengagement of the teeth of the engagement member with the outer member.

Abstract: A phase control mechanism controls phase relationship between two shafts. The phase control mechanism may be used to control various mechanical devices such as the pitch of propellers of aircraft and boats, the pitch of power producing windmills, opening and closing lathe and drill chucks and controlling the eccentricity of some forms of continuously variable transmissions when the mechanisms are not only stationary but also in normal operational motion. The phase control mechanism includes first gears 3,4; 56,64 coupled to the output shafts which are to be phase controlled. A transfer gear 5; 16,17; 52,54 is provided for rotation or operation independent of the input and is coupled to the first gears 3,4; 56,64 to allow rotary motion to be transferred between the first gear members and a phase adjuster 10; 80 causes the first gears 3,4; 56,64 to advance or regress relative to one another to change the phase relationship between the outputs.

Abstract: A transmission is disclosed which has an input power supply (53, 34, 328) and a plurality of secondary members which are driven by the input power supply. The secondary members can be in the form of pawls (344, 361) or rack and pinion arrangements (54, 56). An infinitely variable gear ratio adjustment mechanism which can adjust the gear ratio between a maximum and minimum ratio is provided and generally comprises a fixed inner eccentric (318) and a movable outer eccentric (320). The outer eccentric (320) can be moved to adjust the eccentricity of the eccentrics to thereby set the gear ratio to any ratio between the minimum and maximum. The pawls (344, 361) or racks and pinions (54, 56) are arranged on the eccentrics (318, 320) and are driven by the input for only part of each revolution of the input other than when the gear ratio is set as 1:1.