Abstract: Animal feed conversion ratio can be increased and blood glucose levels can be decreased by feeding an efficacious amount of dispersible amorphous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate).

Abstract: Methods for fabricating a semiconductor device having a lanthanum-family-based oxide layer are described. A gate stack having a lanthanum-family-based oxide layer is provided above a substrate. At least a portion of the lanthanum-family-based oxide layer is modified to form a lanthanum-family-based halide portion. The lanthanum-family-based halide portion is removed with a water vapor treatment.

Abstract: The use of sesquiterpenes and, in particular sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxides, such as artemisinin and analogs thereof, for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. Artemisinin, analogs of artemsisnin and some crude Artemisia extracts were tested in vitro against DNA-viruses, retro-viruses and Flavivirida, (an important family of human and animal RNA pathogens). These compounds were also screened for anti-tumor activity. Strong activity of artemisinin was noticed against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). As pestiviruses, such as BVDV, share many similarities with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we can conclude that endoperoxides in general and artemisinin more specifically have efficacy as treatments for hepatitis C viral infections.

Abstract: The use of sesquiterpenes and, in particular sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxides, such as artemisinin and analogs thereof, for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. Artemisinin, analogs of artemsisnin and some crude Artemisia extracts were tested in vitro against DNA-viruses, retro-viruses and Flavivirida, (an important family of human and animal RNA pathogens). These compounds were also screened for anti-tumor activity. Strong activity of artemisinin was noticed against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). As pestiviruses, such as BVDV, share many similarities with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we can conclude that endoperoxides in general and artemisinin more specifically have efficacy as treatments for hepatitis C viral infections.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating a semiconductor device having a lanthanum-family-based oxide layer are described. A gate stack having a lanthanum-family-based oxide layer is provided above a substrate. At least a portion of the lanthanum-family-based oxide layer is modified to form a lanthanum-family-based halide portion. The lanthanum-family-based halide portion is removed with a water vapor treatment.

Abstract: The synthesis and study of biological activity of a series of new molecules with potential antimicrobial activity are described. The molecules are bicyclic carbohydrates, based on furanose sugars. Their antimicrobial activity against viruses is demonstrated, next to cytostatic effects. Significantly, a high and selective activity against Cytomegalovirus was observed.

Abstract: Bacteria of the sp. Bacillus that produce a lipopeptide are found to be effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of gastro-intestinal disease when administered as a probiotic. In particular, a strain of Bacillus bacteria identified as PB6 is useful for the treatment of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) or the more serious condition Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) when administered as a probiotic. Additionally, these bacteria have been found efficient for the treatment of immunorelated diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Abstract: A method for improving the performance of enzymes used in animal feeds by the use of surfactants. Lecithin and/or lysolecithin is added to an animal feed including an exogenous enzyme to boost the performance of the enzyme so that a desired level of performance can be maintained while reducing the amount of exogenous enzyme that must be included in the animal feed. Preferably, the surfactant includes lyso-forms of lecithin.

Abstract: The use of bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of parasite infections is described. Different bicyclic carbohydrates have been tested in vitro against a number of protozoa. These compounds also have been screened against viruses, tumors, bacteria and fungi. Compound A1, a thiophenyl-containing bicyclic carbohydrate possessed significant activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense, a parasite that causes the lethal sleeping sickness. Compound A2 and Compound A3, bicyclic carbohydrates with halogen containing aryl groups, possessed significant activity against Leishmania donovani, a parasite that causes leishmaniasis. Bicyclic carbohydrates in general, and Compound A1, Compound A2 and Compound A3 more specifically, could be possible treatments for the sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis in the future.

Abstract: We describe the use of bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. Different bicyclic carbohydrates were tested in vitro against DNA-viruses, retro-viruses and Flaviviridae sp., an important family of human and animal RNA pathogens. Significant activity was observed against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). As pestiviruses, such as BVDV, share many similarities with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the bicyclic carbohydrates in general and the preferred bicyclic carbohydrates more specifically are expected to be a treatment for hepatitis C viral infections.

Abstract: Bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of infections caused by herpseviridae, and in particular cytomegalovirus. The invention consists of the novel bicyclic carbohydrates the generic structure of which is: wherein R1 is either -Bn or -Ph; R2 and R3 are either -alkyl, -aryl, -allyl, or —H; R4 and R5 form a ring and are either —CH(Ph)- or —CH(aryl)- and X is either O, N or S.

Abstract: Novel bicyclic carbohydrate compounds are effective for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases caused by infections of the alphaherpesvirinae HSV-1 and HSV-2. The invention includes the compound wherein X1, X2, and X3 are selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S; wherein Y1 and Y2 are selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S; and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, as well as analogs, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, together with pharmaceutical compositions for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases caused by infections of alphaherpesvirinae.

Abstract: Bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of infections caused by herpseviridae, and in particular cytomegalovirus. The invention consists of the novel bicyclic carbohydrates the generic structure of which is: wherein R1 is either -Bn or -Ph; R2 and R3 are either -alkyl, -aryl, -allyl, or —H; R4 and R5 form a ring and are either —CH(Ph)- or —CH(aryl)- and X is either O, N or S.

Abstract: Bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of infections caused by herpseviridae, and in particular cytomegalovirus. The invention consists of the novel bicyclic carbohydrates the generic structure of which is: wherein R1 is either -Bn or -Ph; R2 and R3 are either -alkyl, -aryl, -allyl, or —H; R4 and R5 form a ring and are either —CH(Ph)- or —CH(aryl)- and X is either O, N or S.

Abstract: The use of sesquiterpenes and, in particular sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxides, such as artemisinin and analogs thereof, for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. Artemisinin, analogs of artemsisnin and some crude Artemisia extracts were tested in vitro against DNA-viruses, retro-viruses and Flavivirida, (an important family of human and animal RNA pathogens). These compounds were also screened for anti-tumor activity. Strong activity of artemisinin was noticed against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). As pestiviruses, such as BVDV, share many similarities with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we can conclude that endoperoxides in general and artemisinin more specificly have efficacy as treatments for hepatitis C viral infections.

Abstract: Novel bicyclic carbohydrate compounds are effective for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases caused by infections of the alphaherpesvirinae HSV-1 and HSV-2. The invention includes the compound wherein X1, X2, and X3 are selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S; wherein Y1 and Y2 are selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S; and wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, as well as analogs, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, together with pharmaceutical compositions for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases caused by infections of alphaherpesvirinae.

Abstract: The synthesis and study of biological activity of a series of new molecules with potential antimicrobial activity are described. The molecules are bicyclic carbohydrates, based on furanose sugars. Their antimicrobial activity against viruses is demonstrated, next to cytostatic effects. Significantly, a high and selective activity against Cytomegalovirus was observed.

Abstract: We describe the use of bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. Different bicyclic carbohydrates were tested in vitro against DNA-viruses, retro-viruses and Flaviviridae sp., an important family of human and animal RNA pathogens. Significant activity was observed against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). As pestiviruses, such as BVDV, share many similarities with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the bicyclic carbohydrates in general and the preferred bicyclic carbohydrates more specifically are expected to be a treatment for hepatitis C viral infections.

Abstract: The use of bicyclic carbohydrates for the treatment of parasite infections is described. Different bicyclic carbohydrates have been tested in vitro against a number of protozoa. These compounds also have been screened against viruses, tumors, bacteria and fungi. Compound A1, a thiophenyl-containing bicyclic carbohydrate possessed significant activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense, a parasite that causes the lethal sleeping sickness. Compound A2 and Compound A3, bicyclic carbohydrates with halogen containing aryl groups, possessed significant activity against Leishmania donovani, a parasite that causes leishmaniasis. Bicyclic carbohydrates in general, and Compound A1, Compound A2 and Compound A3 more specifically, could be possible treatments for the sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis in the future.

Abstract: A method for improving the performance of enzymes used in animal feeds by the use of surfactants. Lecithin and/or lysolecithin is added to an animal feed including an exogenous enzyme to boost the performance of the enzyme so that a desired level of performance can be maintained while reducing the amount of exogenous enzyme that must be included in the animal feed. Preferably, the surfactant includes lyso-forms of lecithin.