Abstract: A slide idler for a chain drive wherein the idler is provided with easily replaceable and rotatable bushings. The slide idler comprises two elongated members, each elongated member is provided with two inwardly extending polygonal mounting assemblies. Two cylindrical bushings having polygonal apertures corresponding to the polygonal mounting assemblies are mounted to these mounting assemblies and are sandwiched between the elongated members. A split pin is used to hold the slide idler together.

Abstract: A process for the production of cellulose from wood and annual plants is provided where the digesting liquor contains free caustic soda, sodium salts of alkyl benzenesulfonic acids, and of aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids. By the addition of anthraquinone or its derivatives to the digesting liquor, the delignification is improved. Anthraquinone is resistant to wet oxidation and can be reintroduced into the digesting process. The solubility and, therefore, the effectiveness of anthraquinone is improved by the use of sulfonic acid salts. For the recovery of the digesting chemicals contained in the black liquor, solubilized liquor is precipitated with mineral acid or carbon dioxide and the hemicelluloses are separated by ultra filtration. The resins are separated by extraction with the residual organic compounds, except for the sulfonates and carboxylics, being burned in an aqueous phase with air and/or oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 5-nitro-1,4-naphthoquinones of formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy radical, by oxidation of 1-nitronaphthalene or a suitably substituted 1-nitronaphthalene, which process comprises carrying out the reaction with manganese(III) sulfate as oxidizing agent or a mixture of manganese(III) sulfate and cerium sulfate.The maganese(III) sulfate consumed can be regenerated electrolytically with good current yield. The process is environmentally safe, as the oxidizing agent and the solvent, if any, can be reused.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of 1-aminoanthraquinones from 5-nitro-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinones with a basic reducing agent, which process is carried out under pressure in the temperature range above 100.degree. C. and in an aqueous-organic medium. The process affords very pure 1-aminoanthraquinone, which is, inter alia, an important intermediate.

Abstract: Manufacture of p-tert. butyl-benzaldehyde (TBT) by oxidation with a Mn.sup.3+ salt, which salt is generated by electrochemical oxidation of a Mn.sup.2+ salt, and whereby the chemical oxidation and the electrochemical oxidation are carried out in separate reaction vessels.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of benzanthrone by reacting anthraquinone with glycerol and/or acrolein, using anthrone as reducing agent.Benzanthrone is an important intermediate for dyes and is used in particular for the preparation of vat dyes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the production of 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Tobias acid). This improved process makes it possible to obtain Tobias acid which has only a very low content of 2-aminonaphthalene and in high space-time yield. The process starts from 2-hydroxynaphthalene and comprises the following main reaction steps:(a) the sulfonation of 2-hydroxynaphthalene to 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (oxy-Tobias acid) with chlorosulfonic acid, in an inert organic solvent;(b) the neutralization of the liberated hydrochloric acid and excess chlorosulfonic acid still present in the reaction medium and conversion of the 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid obtained into the corresponding ammonium salt with ammonia;(c) conversion of the 2-hydroxy group into the 2-amino group by the Bucherer reaction; and(d) the subsequent precipitation of the Tobias acid with dilute sulfuric acid.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for the preparation of benzanthrones and planar, polycyclic aromatic oxygen-containing compounds is described. The process is carried out in an acid medium in an electrolytic cell which is separated by a diaphragm into a cathode compartment and an anode compartment.In the cathode compartment, anthraquinone or an anthraquinone derivative is reduced electrolytically to oxanthrone and the latter is reacted with glycerol to give the corresponding benzanthrone.In the anode compartment, a transition metal ion is simultaneously converted electrolytically from a lower oxidation stage into the next higher oxidation stage. The metal ion of higher valency is then used in the anolyte as an oxidizing agent by means of which the corresponding oxygen-containing compounds are obtained, starting from planar, polycyclic aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of sulphonic acid fluorides of the formula RSO.sub.2 F, wherein R represents a straight-chain or a branched alkyl or cycloalkyl radical is provided. The process is carried out in liquid hydrogen fluoride and comprises reacting thio compounds of the formula R--S--X, wherein R has the indicated meaning and X is hydrogen or --S--R, with nitrogen dioxide and/or dinitrogen tetroxide. The obtained sulfonic acid fluorides are useful intermediates for the manufacture of a great number of other compounds. By means of electrochemical fluorination they can also be converted into the corresponding perfluoroalkylsulphonic acid fluorides, which can be used as a basis for oil and water repellants.