Abstract: Disclosed in one aspect is a valve comprising (a) a valve body having a poppet valve chamber with an axis running there through; (b) a seat having a seat sealing surface, and a outer-seat surface, the seat located axially within the poppet valve chamber; and (c) a poppet having a poppet sealing surface, the poppet being located axially within the poppet valve chamber; wherein a poppet-seat interface is created between at least a portion of the seat sealing surface and at least a portion of the poppet sealing surface, the poppet-seat interface being at an angle ? of from 20 to 90° to the axis. In one embodiment the seat is removable, allowing the geometry of at least the poppet head surface and/or the seat inside surface, which defines a fluid flow-path cross-section, to be tailored.

Abstract: A method of updating a database of records with an update database assigns fractional pseudo addresses to each of the update records. If an update database exists, the update records are first read within the range defined by a desired integer database address and the next greater integer address and those records are read preferentially over comparable records of the original database. Pseudo addresses associated with a delete address pointer serve the function of deleting records while duplications between the update pseudo addresses and the original physical addresses of the database allow changing of the records of original database.