Abstract: Spin coating a mixture of graphene oxide platelets, water, and an organic solvent by placing a drop of the mixture on a spinning substrate while blowing a drying gas onto the substrate and allowing the water and the organic solvent on the substrate to evaporate; and repeating the spin coating one or more times to form a graphene oxide film in contact with the substrate. An about 1-100 nm thick film of overlapping platelets of reduced graphene oxide.

Abstract: Spin coating a mixture of graphene oxide platelets, water, and an organic solvent by placing a drop of the mixture on a spinning substrate while blowing a drying gas onto the substrate and allowing the water and the organic solvent on the substrate to evaporate; and repeating the spin coating one or more times to form a graphene oxide film in contact with the substrate. An about 1-100 nm thick film of overlapping platelets of reduced graphene oxide.

Abstract: Manufacturing a carbon film composite including depositing a carbon film layer onto a substrate, depositing a catalyst suitable for catalyzing the growth of carbon nanotubes onto the carbon film layer and heating in the presence of a carbon-source gas in a substantially inert environment. A carbon film composite featuring a carbon film layer deposited onto a substrate. The carbon film layer has an active surface that is electrically sensitive to the presence of target chemicals. A chemical sensor featuring such a carbon film composite that also includes a first electrode and a second electrode in electrical contact with an active surface of the carbon film composite and a resistivity monitoring device connected to the first and second electrodes. A method of sensing a target chemical featuring exposing such a carbon film composite to a target chemical and recording a change in resistivity across the carbon film composite.

Abstract: Spin coating a mixture of graphene oxide platelets, water, and an organic solvent by placing a drop of the mixture on a spinning substrate while blowing a drying gas onto the substrate and allowing the water and the organic solvent on the substrate to evaporate; and repeating the spin coating one or more times to form a graphene oxide film in contact with the substrate. An about 1-100 nm thick film of overlapping platelets of reduced graphene oxide.

Abstract: A sensing device having: a bottom electrode, a dielectric on the bottom electrode, a grid of nanoelectrodes on the dielectric, and a top electrode in electrical contact with the grid. A method of chemical or biological sensing comprising: providing a grid of nanoelectrodes; exposing the grid to fluid suspected of containing a chemical or biological analyte; and measuring a change in the capacitance and conductance of the grid.

Abstract: Spin coating a mixture of graphene oxide platelets, water, and an organic solvent by placing a drop of the mixture on a spinning substrate while blowing a drying gas onto the substrate and allowing the water and the organic solvent on the substrate to evaporate; and repeating the spin coating one or more times to form a graphene oxide film in contact with the substrate. An about 1-100 nm thick film of overlapping platelets of reduced graphene oxide.

Abstract: Manufacturing a carbon film composite including depositing a carbon film layer onto a substrate, depositing a catalyst suitable for catalyzing the growth of carbon nanotubes onto the carbon film layer and heating in the presence of a carbon-source gas in a substantially inert environment. A carbon film composite featuring a carbon film layer deposited onto a substrate. The carbon film layer has an active surface that is electrically sensitive to the presence of target chemicals. A chemical sensor featuring such a carbon film composite that also includes a first electrode and a second electrode in electrical contact with an active surface of the carbon film composite and a resistivity monitoring device connected to the first and second electrodes. A method of sensing a target chemical featuring exposing such a carbon film composite to a target chemical and recording a change in resistivity across the carbon film composite.

Abstract: An electronic device having an interconnected network of carbon nanotubes on the surface of a substrate, and two or more electrical leads. The network forms an electrical connection between the leads.

Abstract: An electronic device having an interconnected network of carbon nanotubes on the surface of a substrate, and two or more electrical leads. The network forms an electrical connection between the leads.

Abstract: Molecular recognition-based electronic sensor, which is gateless, depletion mode field effect transistor consisting of source and drain diffusions, a depletion-mode implant, and insulating layer chemically modified by immobilized molecular receptors that enables miniaturized label-free molecular detection amenable to high-density array formats. The conductivity of the active channel modulates current flow through the active channel when a voltage is applied between the source and drain diffusions. The conductivity of the active channel is determined by the potential of the sample solution in which the device is immersed and the device-solution interfacial capacitance. The conductivity of the active channel modulates current flow through the active channel when a voltage is applied between the source and drain diffusions. The interfacial capacitance is determined by the extent of occupancy of the immobilized receptor molecules by target molecules. Target molecules can be either charged or uncharged.

Abstract: A fiducial beam monitor includes a patterned diode layer on a semiconducting substrate. An electrical field between the diode (or diodes) on the diode layer and the semiconducting substrate modulates the size of the depletion layer formed by the diode or diode. A high energy beam incident upon a diode on the diode layer produces a greater current than a high energy beam incident upon a non-diodic region of the same layer. In use, the beam monitor is typically fixed to the backside of a workpiece such as a semitransparent membrane being patterned by a focused high energy beam that is translated with respect to workpiece and attached monitor. The changes in current during translation are then correlated with the position of the beam with respect to the pattern on the diode layer.

Abstract: Molecular recognition-based electronic sensor, which is gateless, depletion mode field effect transistor consisting of source and drain diffusions, a depletion-mode implant, and insulating layer chemically modified by immobilized molecular receptors that enables miniaturized label-free molecular detection amenable to high-density array formats. The conductivity of the active channel modulates current flow through the active channel when a voltage is applied between the source and drain diffusions. The conductivity of the active channel is determined by the potential of the sample solution in which the device is immersed and the device-solution interfacial capacitance. The conductivity of the active channel modulates current flow through the active channel when a voltage is applied between the source and drain diffusions. The interfacial capacitance is determined by the extent of occupancy of the immobilized receptor molecules by target molecules. Target molecules can be either charged or uncharged.

Abstract: A quantum well infrared photodetector comprises multiple quantum well detectors formed within a single P-N structure forward-biased by an external voltage source, for directly converting infrared radiation having a wavelength in the range of approximately 4-15 .mu.m into visible radiation or near infrared radiation. Multiple quantum well detectors disposed between the P-N contact layers are comprised of alternating gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum well layers, aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) barrier layers and alternatively, a blocking layer of aluminum arsenide (AlAs) positioned between a last aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) barrier layer and the N contact layer; and are forward-biased by the external voltage source in order to produce band-gap luminescence by radiative recombination of excess carriers representative of electrons and holes in the N contact layer when the P contact layer is illuminated with optical energy of incident infrared radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method lithographically patterns an imaging layer using a predetermined pattern. The apparatus includes a cantilever having a tip attached thereto, which tip includes a conductive or semiconductive material. The apparatus also includes a scanning probe controller connected to the cantilever, which maintains the tip in contact with the imaging layer to be patterned. Substantially while the scanning probe controller maintains the tip in contact with the imaging layer, a voltage and/or current generator coupled to the tip selectively generates a voltage and/or current between the tip and the imaging layer to affect a physical change in the imaging layer based on the predetermined pattern. The physical change in the imaging layer can be exploited to fabricate integrated circuits, lithographic masks or micromechanical devices, for example. The scanning probe controller can also measure the topographical change in the imaging layer caused by the physical change using the same cantilever and tip.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing scanning tunneling optical absorption spectroscopy includes a scanning tunneling microscope tip positioned at a tunneling distance over a surface portion of a sample to be analyzed, biasing apparatus for producing an electric potential between said scanning tunneling microscope tip and said surface portion sufficient to cause a tunneling current to flow between said scanning tunneling microscope tip and said surface portion, illumination apparatus for illuminating said surface portion with modulated monochromatic light, and a detector for detecting an AC component of the tunneling current resulting from the modulated monochromatic light.