Abstract: This disclosure relates to compounds that are cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of managing a CFTR related disease or condition or respiratory distress comprising administering an effective amount of a CFTR modulator disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods of treating cancer or initiating, enhancing, or prolonging an anti-tumor response in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor in combination with a purine cleaving enzyme or a vector encoding expression thereof, and a prodrug cleaved by said purine cleaving enzyme. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of treating cancer or initiating, enhancing, or prolonging an anti-tumor response in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor in combination with a purine cleaving enzyme, or a vector encoding expression thereof, in the absence of a prodrug cleaved by said purine cleaving enzyme.

Abstract: A process is provided for activating gene transfer in a cell by administering a gene transfer activating compound to the cell in conjunction with a gene transfer vector. A kit for activating gene transfer as well as process for identifying a compound that activates gene transfer are described. Use of a gene transfer activator compound enhances gene transfer of a given gene transfer vector.

Abstract: A host cell stably transformed or transfected by a vector including a DNA sequence encoding for mutant purine nucleoside cleavage enzymes is provided. The transformed or transfected host cell can be used in combination with a purine substrate to treat tumour cells and/or virally infected cells. A nucleotide sequence encoding mutant E. coli derived purine nucleoside phosphorylase proteins which can be used in conjunction with an appropriate substrate to produce toxins which impair abnormal cell growth is also provided. A method is detailed for the delivery of toxin by generation withing target cells or by administration and delivery to the cells from without. Novel purine nucleosides are detailed that yield a cytotoxic purine upn enzymatic cleavage. A synthetic process for nucleosides is also detailed.